Effects of Manual Therapy and Mechanical Massage on Spinal Alignment, Extension Range of Motion, Back Extensor Electromyographic Activity, and Thoracic Extension Strength in Individuals with Thoracic Hyperkyphosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 1

Demographic data.

	Manual therapy, mean ± SD	Mechanical massage, mean ± SD	Statistics
Age (y)	35.94 ± 7.18	33.37 ± 6.56	t = –1.106	0.277
Sex, male/female	8/8	12/7	= –0.614	0.433
Mass (kg)	67.20 ± 17.23	69.77 ± 14.70	t = 0.476	0.637
Height (cm)	167.68 ± 7.21	170.32 ± 7.92	t = 1.023	0.314
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.77 ± 4.63	23.83 ± 3.66	t = 0.045	0.964
Thoracic kyphosis^(º)	40.88 ± 5.65	43.43 ± 6.76	t = 1.197	0.240
Lumbar lordosis^(º)	55.65 ± 9.88	53.99 ± 9.00	t = –0.520	0.607

BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.