Acupuncture for the Postcholecystectomy Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Table 4
Quality of evidence included RCTs by GRADE.
Interventions
Included RCTs (patients)
Relative effect (95% CI)
Quality assessment
Quality of evidence
Risk of bias
Inconsistency
Indirectness
Imprecision
Publication bias
Reducing pain intensity
AT + CM
3 (272)
SMD 1.33 (−0.78 to 3.43)
−1①
−1②
0
0
0
Low
AT
1 (60)
SMD −0.21 (−0.72 to 0.30)
0
0
0
−1③
0
Moderate
POVN
AT + CM
3 (312)
RR 0.71 (0.55 to 0.92)
−1①
0
0
0
0
Moderate
AT
2 (170)
RR 0.82 (0.60 to 1.12)
−1①
0
0
0
0
Moderate
AT + TCM + CM
1 (74)
RR 0.50 (0.05 to 5.28)
−1①
0
0
−1③
−1④
Very low
First defecation time
AT + CM
3 (244)
SMD −2.05 (−2.39 to −1.72)
0
−1②
0
0
0
Moderate
AT
1 (60)
SMD −1.64 (−2.24 to −1.05)
0
0
0
−1③
0
Moderate
AT + TCM + CM
1 (387)
SMD −1.03 (−1.26 to −0.79)
−1①
0
0
0
−1④
Low
First flatus time
AT + CM
7 (648)
SMD −2.66 (−3.82 to −1.50)
−1①
−1②
0
0
0
Low
AT
1 (60)
SMD −0.69 (−1.21 to −0.17)
0
0
0
−1③
0
Moderate
AT + TCM + CM
2 (461)
SMD −2.07 (−2.31 to −1.83)
−1①
0
0
0
−1④
Low
First bowel sounds time
AT + CM
4 (402)
SMD −2.85 (−3.15 to −2.55)
−1①
−1②
0
0
0
Low
AT + TCM + CM
2 (461)
SMD −2.91 (−3.19 to −2.64)
−1①
0
0
0
−1④
Low
Notes. ①Most information is from the moderate risk studies, and there are major limitations. ②The size and direction of the effect size, the overlap of the confidence interval is small, the value of the heterogeneity test is small, and the combined results of I2 value are large. ③The sample is insufficient. ④Few studies are included, and there may be a large publication bias.
