Antioxidant Effect of Standardized Extract of Propolis (EPP-AF®) in Healthy Volunteers: A “Before and After” Clinical Study

Table 2

FRAP (mmol/L), vitamin E (μmol/L), GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, and SOD in plasma before (baseline) and after oral use of EPP-AF® (375 and 750 mg/d) in healthy volunteers. Values are expressed as median and interquartile 25–75% range.

	Baseline	EPP-AF 375 mg		EPP-AF 750 mg
FRAP (mmol/L)	0.67 (0.61–0.83)	0.68 (0.62–0.81)	0.07	0.69 (0.63–0.87)	0.66
Vitamin E (μmol/L)	21.0 (18.3–25.3)	20.3 (16.7–24.5)	0.06	20.0 (17.1–23.8)	0.55
GSH (mmol/L)	1.23 (1.06–1.34)	1.33 (1.06–1.47)	0.04	1.09 (1.02–1.17)	0.29
GSSG (mmol/L)	1.89 (1.3–2.32)	2.43 (2.71–3.39)	0.45	2.02 (1.45–2.78)	0.99
GSH/GSSG	0.63 (0.57–0.86)	0.56 (0.39–0.71)	0.99	0.50 (0.41–0.76)	0.23
SOD (% inhibition)	68.8 (66.1–73.3)	78.2 (72.2–80.5)	<0.0001	77.7 (74.1–82.6)	<0.0001

value compared with baseline.