Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Effectiveness of Heptonica: A Ghanaian Hepatorestorative Polyherbal Product
Table 7
Heptonica on different aetiologies of liver impairment.
Day 0
Day 28
value
Viral hepatitis (n, 33)
AST (U/l)
38.9 (42.40)
29.3 (13.8)
0.0001
ALT (U/l)
47.0 (44.75)
33.8 (31.5)
0.0014
GGT (U/l)
55.0 (121.50)
39.2 (101.45)
0.0238
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
27.9 (39.45)
18.9 (21.6)
0.0353
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
8.0 (15.65)
3.7 ± (3.0)
0.0005
Total proteins† (g/dl)
70.8 ± 13.25
74 ± 11.0
0.2878
Albumin† (g/dl)
42.96 ± 8.20
42 ± 5.5
0.3348
ALP (U/l)
204.4 (167.8)
176.2 (133.3)
0.0163
Alcohol-induced liver disease (n, 4)
AST (U/l)
87.9 (20.7)
49.0 (16.2)
0.3750
ALT (U/l)
87.1 (17.2)
44.7 (8.8)
0.1250
GGT (U/l)
250.6 (155.3)
107.5 (59.1)
0.1250
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
18.4 (11.3)
10.7 (2.1)
0.6250
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
6.5 (3.3)
5.7 (0.9)
>0.9999
Total proteins† (g/dl)
71.5 ± 5.9
70.5 ± 1.8
0.8750
Albumin† (g/dl)
37.25 ± 2.1
39.00 ± 0.7
0.6250
ALP (U/l)
145.2 (40.2)
78.00 (26.1)
0.1250
Unknown (n, 11)
AST (U/l)
25.5 (27.0)
22 (10.6)
0.1472
ALT (U/l)
22.6 (29.4)
19.7 (5.0)
0.0674
GGT (U/l)
24 (114.3)
23.4 (24.0)
0.1016
Total bilirubin (μmol/l)
21.9 (19.7)
11.9 (9.8)
0.1426
Direct bilirubin (μmol/l)
7.8 (7.1)
3.7 (3.2)
0.0693
Total proteins† (g/dl)
66 ± 18.4
75 ± 9.0
0.1406
Albumin† (g/dl)
44.8 ± 7.0
43 ± 5.0
0.5155
ALP (U/l)
128.6 (121.3)
135 (186.9)
0.8135
Data are presented as median (interquartile range (IQR)) (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test); “†” indicates that data were parametric and were compared using paired t-test. ≤ 0.05 was considered significant when compared to baseline. AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase.
