Disruption of Pathological Patterns in a Young Population with Dysfunctional Breathing

Table 4

Differences in the four pattern questionnaire scores between the DB and non-DB groups, and between genders (participants, n = 237).

Scale	Subscale	Group	Gender		Factor	F	value
			Male	Female
LJQ		DB	70.67 ± 21.51	81.47 ± 18.07	Gender	7.544	0.006
					DB/non-DB	30.179	<0.001
		Non-DB	57.92 ± 17.67	62.71 ± 18.31	Gender  (DB/non-DB)	1.124	0.290
YDS		DB	86.92 ± 23.10	90.47 ± 22.66	Gender	0.273	0.602
					DB/non-DB	34.253	<0.001
		Non-DB	67.56 ± 21.78	67.86 ± 24.35	Gender  (DB/non-DB)	0.206	0.650
PPQ		DB	88.71 ± 20.73	100.63 ± 23.69	Gender	8.245	0.004
					DB/non-DB	45.215	<0.001
		Non-DB	67.68 ± 21.47	75.40 ± 22.40	Gender  (DB/non-DB)	0.376	0.540
CHPQ	Cold	DB	33.21 ± 8.53	36.87 ± 6.86	Gender	7.141	0.008
					DB/non-DB	12.729	<0.001
		Non-DB	28.43 ± 8.51	31.94 ± 9.33	Gender  (DB/non-DB)	0.003	0.960
	Heat	DB	34.21 ± 9.44	35.13 ± 10.28	Gender	0.547	0.460
					DB/non-DB	11.695	0.001
		Non-DB	31.18 ± 9.02	28.16 ± 9.11	Gender  (DB/non-DB)	1.865	0.173

^∗An interaction between gender and the DB group. LJQ: Lao Juan Questionnaire, YDS: Yin Deficiency Scale, PPQ: Phlegm Pattern Questionnaire, CHPQ: Cold-Heat Pattern Questionnaire, DB: dysfunctional breathing.