Could the Gut Microbiota Serve as a Therapeutic Target in Ischemic Stroke?

Figure 1

The relationship between the gut microbiota and risk factors related to IS. FIAF: fasting-induced adipose factor; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; ILA: indole lactic acid; IS: ischemic stroke; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; OX-LDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; SCFAs: short-chain fatty acids; Th17: T helper cell 17; TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4; TMAO: trimethylamine oxide; Treg: regulatory T cells.