Synergistic Antibiofilm Effect of Thymol and Piperine in Combination with Aminoglycosides Antibiotics against Four Salmonella enterica Serovars

Table 1

MIC and MBC of thymol, piperine, and antibiotics against planktonic cells of four Salmonella enterica serovars.

Isolates	Susceptibility (µg/mL)	Natural products		Antibiotics
		Thymol	Piperine	Amikacin	Kanamycin	Streptomycin
S. Typhi ATCC 6539	MIC	64	512	2	4	2
	MBC	256	>1024	4	16	4
	R	4	>2	2	4	2
S. Enteritidis	MIC	64	1024	1	4	1
	MBC	128	>1024	4	16	4
	R	2	>1	4	4	4
S. Typhi	MIC	64	1024	1	4	1
	MBC	256	>1024	8	16	4
	R	4	>1	8	4	4
S. Typhimurium	MIC	128	512	2	4	1
	MBC	128	>1024	4	8	4
	R	1	>2	2	2	4
S. Choleraesuis	MIC	128	512	4	2	4
	MBC	256	>1024	16	8	16
	R	2	>2	4	4	4

MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration, MBC: minimum bactericidal concentration, R: MBC/MIC ratio.