The Effect of Momordica charantia in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Figure 3

Mechanisms of MC in inhibiting gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. MC agents can activate AMPK directly and indirectly to reduce glycogenolysis and PEPCK together with G-6-Pase, both of which are key enzymes of gluconeogenesis. At the same time, MC has the ability to suppress 11β-HSD1, leading to the reduction of glucocorticoids and further reducing PEPCK to inhibit gluconeogenesis.