Chinese Herbal Medicine Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Figure 2

Myocardial I/R injury and ER stress. Myocardial I/R activates ER stress, and ER stress activates the UPR. Short-term UPR restores ER stability by activating ERAD, increasing the ER protein folding ability and inhibiting protein synthesis, which alleviates myocardial I/R injury. However, long-term UPR aggravates myocardial I/R injury by activating oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammation, excessive autophagy, and apoptosis.