The Effects of Berberis integerrima Fruit Extract on Glycemic Control Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 2

Preintervention and postintervention values of parameters and their comparison between the two groups.

Parameter	Group	Time		value	OR (95% CI)^δ
		Baseline	End (week 8)
BMI (kg/m^2)	Control	29.5 ± 4.4	29.6 ± 4.3	0.180	1.375 (0.619–3.058)
	Berberis	4.4 ± 29.7	4.4 ± 29.7	0.970
	value	0.856	0.935	0.492
FBS (mg/dl)	Control	128 (118–141)	134 (120–142)	0.110	0.979 (0.956–1.002)
	Berberis	125 (114.8–134.5)	117.5 (107–128.8)	0.110
	value	0.498	0.001	0.026
Serum insulin (U/ml)	Control	4.8 (3.1–10.1)	7.5 (3.8–9.4)	0.296	0.975 (0.881–1.079)
	Berberis	5 (2.9–8.6)	6 (3.6–9.1)	0.698
	value	0.963	0.400	0.792
HbA1c (g/dl)	Control	7.2 (6.7–8.4)	7.5 (6.8–7.9)	0.872	1.413 (0.860–2.321)
	Berberis	7.4 (6.8–7.7)	7 (6.4–7.7)	0.430
	value	0.879	0.045	0.045
HOMA-IR	Control	26.8 (14.9–54.5)	43.5 (23.3–55.1)	0.368	1.003 (0.987–1.020)
	Berberis	28.8 (15.4–46.1)	30.7 (17.9–46.4)	0.910
	value	0.803	0.124	0.517
SBP (mm Hg)	Control	13 (12–14)	13 (12–14)	0.936	0.884 (0.592–1.319)
	Berberis	12 (11–14)	12 (11–14)	0.315
	value	0.450	0.234	0.246
DBP (mm Hg)	Control	8 (7–9)	8 (7-8)	0.415	1.308 (0.754–2.268)
	Berberis	8 (7-8)	8 (7–9)	0.565
	value	0.521	0.994	0.298

The values are mean ± SD for BMI and median (IQR) for other parameters. BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure. Comparison of preintervention and postintervention values between the two groups (Mann–Whitney U test). Comparison of preintervention and postintervention values within each group (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Comparison between the two groups with control of baseline values (ANCOVA test). ^δOdds ratio and 95% confidence interval for comparison of mean differences between the groups.