Ziziphus jujuba (Rhamnaceae) Alleviates Working Memory Impairment and Restores Neurochemical Alterations in the Prefrontal Cortex of D-Galactose-Treated Rats

Figure 5

Effect of Z. jujuba extract on glial cells activation markers. (a) GFAP level. (b) Iba-1 level. Each value represents the mean ± SEM; n = 5; : significant difference compared to the normal group; : significant difference compared to D-galactose group; DW: distilled water; Gal: D-galactose; ASP: aspirin; TA: tacrine; ZJ: Ziziphus jujuba; Normal: normal group only treated with distilled water; D-galactose: negative control group treated D-galactose and distilled water; Gal + TA: positive control group treated with D-galactose and tacrine (10 mg/kg); Gal + ASP: positive control treated with D-galactose and aspirin (20 mg/kg); Gal + ZJ (41.5, 83, and 166): test groups treated with the D-galactose and the aqueous extract of Z. jujuba at the respective doses of 41.5, 83, and 166 mg/kg; GFAP; glial fibrillary acidic protein; Iba-1: ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1.

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