Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Syzygium aromaticum in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Table 2

Antimicrobial sensitivity, antibiotic-resistant genes, and virulence genes of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa from urine samples.
Clinical isolatesP1P2P3P4P5P6P7P8P9P10P11P12P13P14
Antimicrobial agents (μg)
AKRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
ATMRRRRRRRRRRRSSS
CPMRRRRRRRRRRRSSS
CAZRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
CIPRRRRRRRRRRRSSS
GATRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
CNRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
IPMRRRRRRRSRRRRRS
NOR (urine)RRRRRRRSRRRSSS
OFRRRRRRRRRRRSSS
PITRRRSRSRRRRRSSS
TOBRRRRRRRSRRRRRR
Antibiotic-resistant genes
blaTEMNDNDND+NDNDND++NDND+++
blaSHVNDNDND−NDNDND++NDND−−−
blaCTXNDNDND−NDNDND−−NDND−−−
Virulence genes
toxANDNDND+NDNDND+++ND+++
lasBNDNDND+NDNDND+++ND+++
pslANDNDND+NDNDND+++ND+++
fliCNDNDND+NDNDND+++ND+++
14 P. aeruginosa different strains (P1–P14). Antibiotics: AK: amikacin; ATM: aztreonam; CPM: cefepime; CAZ: ceftazidime; CIP: ciprofloxacin; GAT: gatifloxacin; CN: gentamicin; IPM: imipenem; NOR: norfloxacin; OF: ofloxacin; PIT: piperacillin-tazobactam; TOB: tobramycin. R = resistant; S = sensitive. Antibiotic-resistant genes, virulence genes; +: present; –: absent; ND, not determined.