Glaucocalyxin A Attenuates Allergic Responses by Inhibiting Mast Cell Degranulation through p38MAPK/NrF2/HO-1 and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Figure 2

Effect of GLA on cell viability and degranulation in RPMCs and RBL-2H3 cells. (a) Chemical structure of GLA. (b) Measurement of cell viability using MTT assay. RPMCs were divided into control, IgE + Ag (sensitized with 50 ng/mL anti-DNP IgE for 6 h and challenged with 100 ng/ml DNP-HSA) and IgE + Ag + GLA (sensitized with 50 ng/mL anti-DNP IgE for 6 h treated with 5 μg/mL GLA and then challenged with 100 ng/ml DNP-HSA). (c) Morphology changes of degranulation of RPMCs (magnification, ×1,000). (d) Histamine concentration. (e) β-Hexosaminidase release. (f) Calcium uptake. All data represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). Compared with the control group, . Compared with the IgE + Ag group, and .

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