Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Antibiotic Potentiation of Boswellia sacra Flueck. Oleoresin Extracts from the Dhofar Region of Oman
Table 5
Toxicity evaluation (expressed as LC50 in μg/mL) by ALA and HDF cytotoxicity assay and calculation of therapeutic index.
Toxicity
Therapeutic index (TI)
ALA LC50 (μg/mL)
HDF cytotoxicity
E. coli
E. faecalis
S. aureus
S. newport
S. sonnei
P. mirabilis
K. pneumoniae
A. baylyi
P. aeruginosa
Najdi
Method 1
M
>5000
NT
4.29
10.5
7.96
34.25
3.71
8.26
8
6.21
2.22
W
4483
NT
3.85
2.41
2.39
3.6
CND
2.89
1.99
2.39
CND
Method 2
M
>5000
NT
6.05
22.22
15.34
58.14
4.87
17.86
39.68
11.44
3.21
W
4792
NT
2.54
3.45
3.82
5.55
1.89
7.67
9.08
5.21
CND
Method 3
M
>5000
NT
9.51
13.3
15.34
39.06
7.53
17.11
19.38
13.3
3.91
W
4186
NT
2.67
CND
2.91
3.27
CND
8.61
34.88
8.37
CND
Sahli
Method 1
M
>5000
NT
2.98
10.53
6.05
13.59
2.69
4
4.44
2
2.19
W
>5000
NT
CND
2.7
2.22
3.47
CND
CND
CND
CND
CND
Method 2
M
>5000
NT
4.44
17.67
9.47
39.06
5.71
6.67
8.68
3.95
CND
W
4787
NT
CND
CND
CND
2.56
CND
CND
3.07
≤1
CND
Method 3
M
>5000
NT
6.54
14
8
20.33
3.91
8.71
15.38
5.75
3.21
W
4460
NT
CND
CND
CND
1.78
CND
0.89
3.48
3.55
CND
Houjari
Method 1
M
>5000
NT
5.85
39.06
13.3
4.19
3.91
6.06
6.21
3.86
2.67
W
>5000
NT
5.72
7.35
4.43
1.94
1.3
4.41
5.21
≤1
CND
Method 2
M
>5000
NT
10.29
73.53
13.3
6.67
6.05
10.42
18.19
6.45
5.71
W
>5000
NT
3.36
6.89
≤1
3.38
2.65
2.19
2.19
3.39
CND
Method 3
M
>5000
NT
7.96
32.05
6.97
3.38
5.4
6.67
15.38
5.97
3.68
W
>5000
NT
CND
6.25
≤1
≤1
≤1
CND
4.22
3.15
CND
Controls
Potassium dichromate
83
WNT
WNT
Quinine
WNT
31.4
ALA = Artemia lethality assay; HDF = human dermal fibroblasts; Method refers to the extraction method used; M = methanolic extract; W = aqueous extract; NT = non toxic; CND = could not determine as the extract was inactive at all concentrations tested; WNT = was not tested. Notable TI values (>10) are indicated with bold text. Here, ALA > 5000 μg/mL, 5000 μg/mL is taken as the LC50 for TI calculations.
