Tamarindus indica Seed Extract-Based Botanical Compositions Alleviate Knee Pain and Improve Joint Function in Mild-to-Moderate Osteoarthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Table 3
Comparison analyses of the secondary outcome measures between the herbal supplemented groups and placebo.
Groups/subgroups
Baseline
Scores (mean ± SD) on evaluation days
Day 5
Day 28
Day 56
Visual analog scale (VAS)
Placebo (n = 27)
50.59 ± 3.67
45.22 ± 3.88
43.18 ± 3.79
42.18 ± 3.71
KL-II (n = 20)
49.95 ± 3.76
44.65 ± 3.73
42.80 ± 3.94
42.25 ± 4.10
KL-III (n = 7)
52.43 ± 2.88
46.86 ± 4.14
44.29 ± 3.35
42.44 ± 2.84
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
50.25 ± 3.88
40.85 ± 4.24$
35.33 ± 3.63$
28.85 ± 5.23$
KL-II (n = 21)
49.52 ± 4.03
40.62 ± 4.73$
34.9 ± 3.95$
28.60 ± 5.86$
KL-III (n = 6)
52.83 ± 1.83
41.67 ± 1.63
36.83 ± 1.72$
29.63 ± 2.15$
NXT19185 (n = 27)
50.66 ± 4.17
38.81 ± 5.76$
31.44 ± 5.95$
23.22 ± 5.52$
KL-II (n = 22)
50.59 ± 3.7
38.45 ± 6.06$
30.91 ± 6.16$
23.15 ± 5.96$
KL-III (n = 5)
51.00 ± 6.44
40.40 ± 4.39$
33.80 ± 4.76$
23.60 ± 1.81$
Lequesne’s functional index (LFI)
Placebo (n = 27)
12.85 ± 1.62
12.41 ± 1.59
12.18 ± 1.33
11.9 ± 1.18
KL-II (n = 20)
12.63 ± 1.77
12.2 ± 1.74
12 ± 1.41
11.63 ± 1.18
KL-III (n = 7)
13.53 ± 0.93
13.04 ± 0.91
12.73 ± 0.94
12.70 ± 0.82
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
12.57 ± 1.62
11.11 ± 1.3$
9.35 ± 1.2$
8.8 ± 1.14$
KL-II (n = 21)
12.35 ± 1.82
10.92 ± 1.42$
9.18 ± 1.3$
8.62 ± 1.21$
KL-III (n = 6)
13.33 ± 0.41
11.75 ± 0.42
10.00 ± 0.45$
9.42 ± 0.58$
NXT19185 (n = 27)
12.52 ± 2.22
10.82 ± 1.23$
8.48 ± 1.18$
6.4 ± 0.83$
KL-II (n = 22)
12.53 ± 2.34
10.7 ± 1.19$
8.39 ± 1.07$
6.34 ± 0.86$
KL-III (n = 5)
12.50 ± 1.84
11.40 ± 1.39$
8.90 ± 1.71$
6.70 ± 0.67$
Six-minute walk test (SMWT) (m)
Placebo (n = 27)
323.44 ± 12.93
323.66 ± 12.36
328.66 ± 12.88
331.88 ± 12.73
KL-II (n = 20)
324.05 ± 13.55
324.25 ± 13.18
329.2 ± 13.42
332.35 ± 13.57
KL-III (n = 7)
321.71 ± 11.76
322.00 ± 10.41
327.14 ± 12.08
330.57 ± 10.81
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
332.62 ± 13.55
348.59 ± 11.2$
362.07 ± 10.26$
374.59 ± 11.19$
KL-II (n = 21)
334.43 ± 13.7
350.1 ± 11.72$
364.1 ± 9.94$
375.71 ± 11.2$
KL-III (n = 6)
326.33 ± 11.93
343.33 ± 7.81$
355.00 ± 8.65$
370.67 ± 11.22$
NXT19185 (n = 27)
324.25 ± 11.56
344.18 ± 11.61$
364.07 ± 11.39$
380.59 ± 10.48$
KL-II (n = 22)
325.64 ± 12.06
345.68 ± 12.15$
365.45 ± 11.62$
381.23 ± 11.11$
KL-III (n = 5)
318.20 ± 7.05
337.60 ± 5.94$
358.00 ± 8.89$
377.8 ± 7.40$
Stair climb test (s)
Placebo (n = 27)
16.84 ± 0.95
16.64 ± 0.89
16.41 ± 0.86
16.29 ± 0.83
KL-II (n = 20)
16.77 ± 0.98
16.57 ± 0.93
16.34 ± 0.89
16.23 ± 0.8
KL-III (n = 7)
17.07 ± 0.88
16.86 ± 0.8
16.64 ± 0.82
16.47 ± 0.97
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
16.71 ± 0.92
16.19 ± 0.97
15.75 ± 0.99$
14.90 ± 0.96$
KL-II (n = 21)
16.56 ± 0.87
16.04 ± 0.93
15.63 ± 0.99$
14.77 ± 0.94$
KL-III (n = 6)
17.23 ± 0.97
16.72 ± 1.03
16.18 ± 0.94
15.35 ± 0.96
NXT19185 (n = 27)
17.03 ± 0.73
16.12 ± 0.79
15.48 ± 0.73$
14.92 ± 0.75$
KL-II (n = 22)
16.93 ± 0.76
16.03 ± 0.83
15.37 ± 0.74$
14.82 ± 0.77$
KL-III (n = 5)
17.52 ± 0.3
16.54 ± 0.49
16 ± 0.44
15.42 ± 0.52
Range of motion (ROM), left knee (o)
Placebo (n = 27)
117.88 ± 1.54
118.2 4 ± 1.48
118.94 ± 1.48
119.88 ± 1.45
KL-II (n = 20)
117.73 ± 1.27
118.09 ± 1.22
118.82 ± 1.17
119.73 ± 1.1
KL-III (n = 7)
118.17 ± 2.04
118.5 ± 1.97
119.17 ± 2.04
120.17 ± 2.04
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
118.31 ± 1.49
120.25 ± 1.44$
122.25 ± 1.44$
124.25 ± 1.44$
KL-II (n = 21)
118.62 ± 1.45
120.54 ± 1.39$
122.54 ± 1.39$
124.54 ± 1.39$
KL-III (n = 6)
117 ± 1.00
119 ± 1.00
121 ± 1.00
123 ± 1.00
NXT19185 (n = 27)
118.73 ± 2.05
121.82 ± 2.14$
123.73 ± 2.20$
128.18 ± 2.04$
KL-II (n = 22)
119.11 ± 2.03
122.22 ± 2.11$
124.22 ± 2.11$
128.78 ± 1.72$
KL-III (n = 5)
117 ± 1.41
120 ± 1.41
121.5 ± 0.71
125.5 ± 0.71$
Range of motion, right knee (o)
Placebo (n = 27)
117.59 ± 1.77
118 ± 1.73
118.59 ± 1.77
119.59 ± 1.77
KL-II (n = 20)
117.67 ± 1.72
118.13 ± 1.6
118.67 ± 1.72
119.67 ± 1.72
KL-III (n = 7)
117 ± 2.83
117 ± 2.83
118 ± 2.83
119 ± 2.83
NXT15906F6 (n = 27)
117.85 ± 1.93
119.7 ± 1.87$
121.65 ± 1.84$
123.65 ± 1.84$
KL-II (n = 21)
118.07 ± 2.02
119.93 ± 2.02$
121.93 ± 2.02$
123.93 ± 2.02$
KL-III (n = 6)
117.25 ± 1.89
119 ± 1.22
120.8 ± 0.84
122.8 ± 0.84$
NXT19185 (n = 27)
118.29 ± 1.71
121.21 ± 1.64$
123.21 ± 1.64$
128.21 ± 1.56$
KL-II (n = 22)
118.63 ± 1.67
121.53 ± 1.61$
123.53 ± 1.61$
128.53 ± 1.5$
KL-III (n = 5)
117 ± 1.22
120 ± 1.22
122 ± 1.22$
127 ± 1.22$
and $ indicate significance (p < 0.05) in intragroup (vs. baseline) and intergroup (vs. placebo) comparison analysis, respectively, using post hoc Tukey’s test.
