Clinical Efficacy of Persian Medicine Diet Combined with Western Medicine-Based Diet on Proteinuria in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 3

Proteinuria and biochemical parameters of the study participants throughout study.

	Intervention group (N = 9)	Control group (N = 10)	MD	P
UPr (mg/dl)
Baseline	157.00 ± 33.98	156.46 ± 27.67	.54 (−91.15, 92.23)	0.990^b
End	98.31 ± 22.50	140.32 ± 23.03	−42.00 (−110.23, −26.21)	0.018^c, 0.014^d
MD (95% CI)	58.68 (8.33, 109.04)	16.14 (2.21, 30.06)
P^a	0.028	0.028
UCr (mg/dl)
Baseline	55.41 ± 9.11	54.28 ± 6.56	1.13 (−22.20, 24.47)	0.919^b
End	46.46 ± 8.93	54.22 ± 6.30	−7.75 (−30.46, 14.95)	0.245^c, 0.072^d
MD (95% CI)	8.94 (−9.03, 26.93)	0.05 (−2.43, 2.54)
P^a	0.284	0.959
UPCR
Baseline	2.64 ± 0.25	2.72 ± 0.16	−.07 (−.70, 0.55)	0.802^b
End	1.94 ± 0.21	2.47 ± 0.12	−.525 (−1.03, −0.01)	0.015^c, 0.007^d
MD (95% CI)	0.70 (0.20, 1.19)	0.25 (0.10, 0.39)
P^a	0.011	0.004
Alb (mg/dl)
Baseline	3.77 ± 0.37	3.90 ± 0.19	−0.12 (−0.74, 0.50)	0.685^b
End	4.01 ± 0.08	3.80 ± 0.24	0.21 (−0.36, .78)	0.383^c, 0.765^d
MD (95% CI)	−0.23 (−0.74, 0.27)	0.10 (−0.47, 0.67)
P^a	0.321	0.703
Urea (mg/dl)
Baseline	31.44 ± .22	30.60 ± 2.80	0.84 (−7.22, 8.91)	0.828^b
End	29.00 ± 2.07	27.30 ± 2.29	1.70 (3.11, −4.87)	0.600^c, 0.957^d
MD (95% CI)	2.44 (−1.66, 6.55)	3.30 (−1.28, 7.88)
P^a	0.207	0.138
TC (mg/dl)
Baseline	227.89 ± 26.65	165.50 ± 19.39	62.38 (−6.15, 130.93)	0.072^b
End	194.78 ± 16.01	163.90 ± 22.67	30.87 (−28.93, 90.69)	0.267^c, 0.148^d
MD (95% CI)	33.11 (−0.04, 0.66.18)	1.60 (−12.81, 16.01)
P^a	0.050	0.807
TG (mg/dl)
Baseline	149.00 ± 19.77	159.80 ± 25.14	−10.80 (−79.36, 57.76)	0.744^b
End	134.33 ± 14.22	158.80 ± 27.44	−24.46 (−91.94, 43.00)	0.501^c, 0.114^d
MD (95% CI)	14.66 (−33.90, 63.23)	1.00 (−41.34, 43.34)
P^a	0.506	0.959

Mean ± SD, and mean difference (95% CI) are presented for normally distrusted data; median (IQB) and median differences are presented for data not normally distributed. UPr = spot urine protein; UCr = urine creatinine; UPCR = urine protein/creatinine ratio; Alb = albumin; TC = total cholesterol; TG = triglyceride; MD = mean difference; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile Range; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance. P^a = paired samples t-test. P^b = independent samples t-test. P^c = ANCOVA test, adjusted for baseline values. (Model 1). P^d = ANCOVA test, adjusted for baseline values, changes in protein intake, and BMI. (Model 2).