Efficacy of Acupuncture Treatment for Incidence of Poststroke Comorbidities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nationalized Cohort Studies

Table 2

Risks of poststroke comorbidities associated with acupuncture treatment in patients with stroke stratified by sex, type of stroke, medical conditions, and age.

Author (year)	Gender	Types of stroke	Baseline medical conditions	Age strata
Chuang (2015) [22]	Female HR: 0.85 (0.76–0.95); Male HR: 0.87 (0.80–0.95)	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.62 (0.44–0.88); Ischemic HR: 0.87 (0.79–0.95); Others HR: 0.89 (0.79–1.01)	Nil	40–49 HR: 0.84 (0.62–1.14); 50–59 HR: 0.75 (0.63–0.90); 60–69 HR: 0.85 (0.75–0.95); 70–79 HR: 0.93 (0.83–1.03)
Chang (2018) [21]	Female HR: 0.79 (0.70–0.82); Male HR: 0.92 (0.86–0.98)	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.66 (0.53–0.81); Ischemic HR: 0.86 (0.81–0.92); Others HR: 0.87 (0.80–0.95)	0 HR: 0.49 (0.43–0.57); 1 HR: 0.77 (0.70–0.85); 2 HR: 0.92 (0.84–1.01); 3 HR: 1.10 (1.01–1.19)	20–29 HR: 0.16 (0.04–0.69); 30–39 HR: 0.52 (0.28–0.98); 40–49 HR: 0.73 (0.58–0.93); 50–59 HR: 0.83 (0.72–0.95); 60–69 HR: 0.82 (0.75–0.89); 70–79 HR: 0.88 (0.81–0.95); ≥80 HR: 0.86 (0.73–1.00)
Shih (2017) [24]	Female HR: 0.70 (0.60–0.80); Male HR: 0.75 (0.66–0.85)	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.77 (0.53–1.12); Ischemic HR: 0.74 (0.66–0.84); Others HR: 0.69 (0.57–0.82)	0 HR: 0.55 (0.39–0.77); 1 HR: 0.64 (0.52–0.80); 2 HR: 0.81 (0.68–0.98); ≥3 HR: 0.82 (0.71–0.95)	50–59 HR: 0.64 (0.47–0.86); 60–69 HR: 0.75 (0.64–0.88); 70–79 HR: 0.72 (0.63–0.83); ≥80 HR: 0.54 (0.38–0.76)
Weng (2016) [26]	Female HR: 0.70 (0.61–0.81); Male HR: 0.77 (0.69–0.85)	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.60 (0.50–0.73); Ischemic HR: 0.86 (0.78–0.96); Others HR: 0.62 (0.52–0.74)	Nil	20–29 HR: 0.16 (0.04–0.68); 30–39 HR: 0.39 (0.21–0.73); 40–49 HR: 0.51 (0.39–0.66); 50–59 HR: 0.66 (0.54–0.80); 60–69 HR: 0.79 (0.68–0.91); 70–79 HR: 0.88 (0.76–1.02); ≥80 HR: 0.71 (0.48–1.04)
Yang (2019) [19]	Female HR: 0.73 (0.69–0.78); Male HR: 0.80 (0.75–0.85)	SAH HR: 0.58 (0.50–0.69); Ischemic HR: 0.78 (0.74–0.83); TIA HR: 0.81 (0.72–0.92); Others HR: 0.72 (0.63–0.82)	0 HR: 0.52 (0.47–0.58); 1 HR: 0.74 (0.69–0.80); 2 HR: 0.95 (0.87–1.03); ≥3 HR: 0.91 (0.83–1.01)	30–39 HR: 0.62 (0.34–1.16); 40–49 HR: 0.65 (0.53–0.79); 50–59 HR: 0.82 (0.73–0.93); 60–69 HR: 0.74 (0.69–0.80); ≥70 HR: 0.77 (0.72–0.82)
Lu (2017) [20]	Female HR: 1.30 (0.90–1.86); Male HR: 1.05 (0.76–1.45)	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.70 (0.42–1.16); Ischemic HR: 1.12 (0.88–1.43)	Nil	<65 HR: 1.19 (0.84–1.68); ≥65 HR: 1.07 (0.77–1.50)
Tseng (2017) [25]	Female HR: 0.78 (0.71–0.86); Compared to male	Hemorrhagic HR: 0.80 (0.68–0.94); Ischemic HR: 0.91 (0.81–1.03); Compared to other types of stroke	MI HR: 1.30 (1.08–1.56); Cancer HR: 1.42 (1.27–1.60); DM HR: 1.14 (1.03–1.25); CKD HR: 1.52 (1.35–1.72); COPD HR: 1.22 (1.10–1.36); THI HR: 1.63 (1.34–1.99); Compared to patients without the medical condition	Older HR: 1.045 (1.040–1.050); Compared to younger
Shih (2015) [23]	Female HR: 0.83 (0.79–0.89); Male HR: 0.91 (0.86–0.95)	Ischemic HR: 0.88 (0.84–0.91)	HTN no HR: 0.67 (0.62–0.74); HTN yes HR: 0.94 (0.90–0.98); HPL no HR: 0.84 (0.81–0.88); HPL yes HR: 0.97 (0.90–1.04); DM no HR: 0.83 (0.79–0.87); DM yes HR: 0.96 (0.90–1.02)	30–39 HR: 0.35 (0.22–0.54); 40–49 HR: 0.61 (0.52–0.71); 50–59 HR: 0.81 (0.74–0.89); 60–69 HR: 0.85 (0.80–0.91); 70–79 HR: 0.99 (0.92–1.06); ≥80 HR: 1.15 (0.98–1.34)

Note: TIA = transient ischemic attack, SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage, MI = myocardial infarction, CKD = chronic kidney diseases, COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, THI = traumatic head injury, DM = diabetes mellitus, HTN = hypertension, and HPL = hyperlipidemia. ^∗Significant difference.