Tai Chi for Overweight/Obese Adolescents and Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Table 3

Characteristics of study participants.

	Tai chi group (n = 24)		value	Self-monitored exercise group (n = 18)		value	Differences between the groups at 3 months ( value)
	Baseline	3 months		Baseline	3 months
Weight (kg)	74.99 ± 11.62	73.08 ± 11.55	0.009^Δ	78.33 ± 13.45	77.97 ± 12.1	0.547	0.203
Waist-to-hip ratio (cm/cm)	0.9 ± 0.05	0.9 ± 0.04	0.956	0.9 ± 0.08	0.91 ± 0.08	0.481	0.833
FPG (mmol/L)	4.89 ± 0.89	4.84 ± 0.54	0.542	4.79 ± 0.53	4.83 ± 0.38	0.997	0.964
FINS (μU/ml)	20.08 ± 12.39	13.99 ± 8.2	0.035^Δ	19.35 ± 10.26	20.36 ± 14.1	0.275	0.073
HOMA-IR	4.51 ± 3.15	3.05 ± 1.82	0.042^Δ	4.07 ± 2.0	4.36 ± 3.12	0.396	0.094
T (ng/dL)	61.84 ± 20.96	49.89 ± 15.77	0.045^Δ	63.92 ± 26.49	66.59 ± 28.15	0.822	0.032
AND (ng/mL)	274.21 ± 146.29	312.71 ± 182.51	0.53	285.3 ± 146.62	296.83 ± 136.46	0.892	0.758
SHBG (nmol/L)	19.34 ± 10.78	22.74 ± 9.64	0.093	28.61 ± 37.42	23.24 ± 13.73	0.512	0.890
DHEAS (μg/dl)	7.17 ± 5.26	5.16 ± 2.45	0.017^Δ	5.92 ± 2.66	4.98 ± 2.51	0.01^Δ	0.818
LH (mIU/mL)	9.25 ± 5.08	4.54 ± 1.45	0.09	11.11 ± 12.01	4.42 ± 1.1	0.253	0.779
FSH (mIU/mL)	4.54 ± 1.66	6.96 ± 3.6	0.748	4.45 ± 0.99	7.7 ± 5.01	0.882	0.581
LH/FSH	2.19 ± 1.09	1.58 ± 0.74	0.024^Δ	2.28 ± 1.65	1.74 ± 1.11	0.232	0.556
E2 (pg/mL)	58.81 ± 20.36	47.99 ± 18.42	0.052	62.2 ± 54.92	59.85 ± 19.16	0.68	0.049
TG (mmol/L)	1.79 ± 1.35	1.33 ± 0.61	0.308	2.29 ± 1.29	2.3 ± 1.25	0.475	0.006
TC (mmol/L)	4.13 ± 1.09	3.81 ± 0.66	0.431	4.78 ± 1.18	4.75 ± 1.32	0.585	0.11
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.07 ± 0.28	1.07 ± 0.27	0.936	1.11 ± 0.21	1.12 ± 0.28	0.86	0.572
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.63 ± 0.71	2.43 ± 0.65	0.368	3.01 ± 0.99	3.13 ± 0.99	0.893	0.009
FG score (score)	5.0 ± 2.52	4.71 ± 2.93	0.206	4.35 ± 2.58	5.0 ± 3.27	0.327	0.817

indicates vs. the self-monitored exercise group; ^Δindicates vs. baseline; data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. FPG: fasting plasma glucose; FINS: fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; T: testosterone; AND: androstadienone; SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; DHEAS: dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; E₂: oestradiol; TC: cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FG score: Ferriman–Gallwey score.