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The scientific name of the plant | Family | Parts of plant | Phytochemical compounds | Actions/uses | Reference |
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Amaranthus viridis | Amaranthaceae | Whole plant part | Amino acids | Treats hypercholesterolemia | [133] |
Aniba canelilla | Lauraceae | Stem wood, bark, and leaf | Essential oil, phenolic acids, and flavonoids | Regulates oxidative stress and hypertension | [134] |
Aspalathus linearis | Fabaceae | Leaf | Polyphenolic compounds | Regulates oxidative stress and inflammation | [135] |
Baccharis trimera | Asteraceae | Aerial part | Flavonoids and phenolic compounds | Attributes to lipid-lowering action and the inhibition of free radical generation | [136] |
Berberis spp. | Berberidaceae | Stem, bark, root, and bark | Berberine | Regulates metabolism, immunity, and oxidative reactions | [137] |
Camellia oleifera | Theaceae | Leaf | Terpenoid and saponins | Induces cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury through activation of the bradykinin-NO pathway followed by the suppression of reactive oxygen species | [138] |
Camellia sinensis | Theaceae | Leaf | Catechins, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids | Reduces the level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B | [139] |
Carthamus tinctorius | Asteraceae | Flower | Chalcone compounds | Lower blood pressure and reduce rennin activity | [140] |
Citrus bergamia | Rutaceae | Fruit | Flavonoids | Manages cardiotoxicity due to its antioxidative and lipid-lowering effects | [141] |
Cocos nucifera | Arecaceae | Stem, leaf, seeds, and flower | Phenols, tannins, leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, and alkaloids | Minimizes oxidative stress and cell harm | [142] |
Coriandrum sativum | Apiaceae | Seeds | Essential oils and polyphenols | Controlls diabetic dyslipidemia to prevent cardiovascular complications | [143] |
Crocus sativus | Iridaceae | Flower stigma | Essential oil, crocin, crocetin, and picrocrocin | Shows beneficial results against hypertension and atherosclerosis | [144] |
Cudrania tricuspidata | Moraceae | Leaf | Essential oil | Decreases systolic blood pressure in hypertension | [145] |
Curcuma longa | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | Curcumin | cardioprotective effects through reducing oxidative stress | [146] |
Dracocephalum moldavica | Labiatae | Seeds | Flavonoids: Tilianin, luteolin, and rosmarinic acid | Reduces the IL-1β and TNF-α levels and improves the integrity of the myocardial membrane and fibers | [27] |
Eleocharis dulcis | Cyperaceae | Fruit | Amino acids, carbohydrates, phenolics, sterols, and saponins | Plays an essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis | [147] |
Garcinia indica | Clusiaceae | Fruit | Phenolic compounds and flavonoids | Cardioprotective against myocardial injury | [148] |
Ginkgo biloba | Ginkgoaceae | Leaf | Flavonoids and terpenoids | Promotes cardiomyocyte survival and inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the modulation of the PI3K-AKT and NF-κB pathways | [149] |
Glycine max | Angiospermae | Seeds | Isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitin in glycoside forms | Improves vascular reactivity, increases low-density lipoprotein oxidation resistance, and inhibits thrombus formation | [16] |
Gynostemmapentaphyllum | Cucurbitaceae | Aerial part | Saponins | Shows inhibition towards oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced foam cell formation and accumulation of intracellular lipids, controls cholesterol metabolism, displays synergistic activities in lowering lipid synthesis, and increases oxidation. | [150] |
Moringa olifera | Moringaceae | Leaf | Saponins | Reduces the cholesterol in blood and blood pressure | [151] |
Moringa stenopetala | Moringaceae | Leaf | Alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides | Treats high blood pressure | [152] |
Nigella sativa | Ranunculaceae | Seeds | Cinnamaldehyde | Decreases oxidative stress and regulates avert hypertension development | [153] |
Ocimum sanctum | Lamiaceae | Leaf | Eugenol | Displays the significant treatment of cardiovascular effects via blood pressure lowering | [154] |
Olea europaea | Oleaceae | Leaf | Iridoids and secoiridoids | Exhibits cardioprotective role against lipid oxidation and cholesterol efflux | [152] |
Panax spp. | Araliaceae | Berry, leaf, root | Protopanaxadiol, protopanaxatriol, and oleanane | Regulates blood pressure and circulation | [153, 155] |
Persea Americana | Lauraceae | Seeds | Flavonoids and polyphenols | Attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity | [153] |
Phoenix dactylifera | Arecaceae | Fruit | Flavonoids and phenolic compounds | Shows a cardio- protective effect on the heart tissue against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin treatment | [156] |
Potentilla reptans | Rosaceae | Root | Triterpenoids | Up/downregulation of many signalling pathways regarding their cardiovascular properties | [157] |
Rhodiola Rosea | Crassulaceae | Root | Monoterpene alcohols and their glycosides, cyanogenic glycosides, and flavonoids | Cardiovascular diseases prevention | [158] |
Rosa damascene | Rosaceae | Flowers | Flavonoids, glycosides, and anthocyanins | Cardiovascular disease prevention through regulating oxidative stress and blood lipids | [158] |
Rumex obtusifolius | Polygonaceae | Root, stem, leaf | Anthracene derivatives, flavonoids, and procyanidins | Reduces the risk of developing of cardiovascular activities through controlling blood lipid accumulation, obesity, and oxidative stress | [159] |
Trifolium pratense | Fabaceae | Seeds | Isoflavones: daidzein, genistein, formononetin, and biochanin A | Prevents cardiovascular diseases via controlling the cholesterol level | [160] |
Salvia miltiorrhiza | Lamiaceae | Rhizome | Salvianolic acids | Modulates endothelial hemostasis by increasing plasminogen activator, anticoagulant thrombomodulin, eNOS dependent NO production, inhibits LDL oxidation, and extravasation, ensures OxLDL-induced endothelial cell injury | [161, 162] |
Solanum Lycopersicum | Solanaceae | Fruit | Flavonoids | Reduces the risk of human cardiovascular diseases through lowering blood pressure and monitors type 2 diabetes | [163] |
Sophora mollis | Fabaceae | Root | Rutin | Traditional therapy for the cardioprotective action | [164] |
Vaccinium myrtillus | Ericaceae | Fruit | Anthocyanins | Decreases LDL-C/TG and increases HDL-C levels | [165] |
Veratrum grandiflorum | Melanthiaceae | Root | Resveratrol | Cardiovascular protection against inflammation and oxidative stress | [166] |
Viburnum foetidum | Caprifoliaceae | Aerial part | Anthocyanins | Cardiovascular protection through regulating blood lipids, obesity, and oxidative stress | [167] |
Zingiber officinale | Zingiberaceae | Rhizome | 6-Shogaol, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, and 10-gingerol | Enhances fibrinolytic activity and decreases lipid peroxidation, controls blood glucose levels and blood pressure, lipid concentration, and reduces the pain claimed by rheumatoid arthritis affected patients | [27, 168] |
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