Research Article

Expressive Arts Therapy Combined with Progressive Muscle Relaxation following Music for Perioperative Patients with Gynecological Malignancies: A Pilot Study

Table 3

Comparison of SAI for the three consecutive sessions within the intervention group (mean ± sd; effect size).

The three sessionsPreinterventionPostinterventiont Value valueEffect size (Cohen’s d)

Preoperation (T1)59.91 ± 7.1658.25 ± 6.883.33−0.23
Postoperation (T2)61.02 ± 6.9758.82 ± 5.864.92−0.34
Predischarge (T3)57.93 ± 8.9857.20 ± 7.321.59−0.09

S-AI, State Anxiety Inventory; T1, treatment 1 (preoperation); T2, treatment 2 (postoperation); T3, treatment 3 (predischarge).