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| Type of cancer | Title of literature | Chinese herbal medicine | Primary outcome | Improvements in other areas |
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| Advanced lung adenocarcinoma | Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine improves survival in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs): a nationwide, population-based cohort study [16] | F. thunbergii, O. diffusa, and P. grandiflorum, Bai He Gu Jin Tang | Overall survival and progression-free survival | Increase efficacy and reduce toxicity |
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| Lung cancer | Characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine usage and its effect on survival of lung cancer patients in Taiwan [15] | Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang, Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang, and Bai He Gu Jin Tang; and Bei Mu, Xing Ren, and Ge Gen | The mortality hazard ratio | — |
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| Lung cancer | Traditional Chinese medicine as adjunctive therapy improves the long-term survival of lung cancer patients [17] | Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang, Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction | All-cause death | Reduction of nausea and vomiting, host immune response stimulation |
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| Pancreatic cancer | Complementary Chinese herbal medicine therapy improves survival of patients with pancreatic cancer in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study [18] | Bai Hua She She Cao and Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | The hazard ratio of mortality risk | Reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia |
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| Liver cancer | Adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy improves survival of liver cancer patients [19] | Jia Wei Xiao Yao San and Chai Hu Shu Gan Tang | All-cause mortality during the 11-year follow-up | Reduce nausea, vomiting, lipoproteinemia, chronic gastritis, and appetite loss |
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| Middle and advanced colorectal cancer | Clinical observation on the combination of spleen detoxification and Tongluo formula with tegafur in the maintenance treatment of middle and advanced colorectal cancer in the real world [20] | Spleen detoxification and Tongluo formula | The KPS, DFS, OS, and toxic side effects | Reduce intestinal obstruction, cancer ascites, and other complications and toxic side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy |
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| Gastric cancer | Complementary Chinese herbal medicine therapy improves survival of patients with gastric cancer in Taiwan: a nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study [21] | Bai Hua She She Cao and Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang | The HR of mortality risk and survival probability | Relieve cancer-related fatigue or gastrointestinal disorders |
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| Metastatic gastric cancer | Effect of Fuzheng Qingdu therapy for metastatic gastric cancer is associated with improved survival: a multicenter propensity-matched study [22] | Shenmai and Compound Kushen injections, Shenqi Shiyi Wei Granule | Overall survival and progression-free survival | Enhance clinical efficacy and reduce adverse effects |
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| Breast cancer | Danshen improves survival of patients with breast cancer, and dihydroisotanshinone I induces ferroptosis and apoptosis of breast cancer cells [23] | Danshen | Survival probability | Diminish the systemic cancer treatment-related adverse effects |
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| Breast cancer | Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on medical adherence and outcome in estrogen receptor (+) breast cancer patients in Taiwan: a real-world population-based cohort study [24] | — | Evaluation of medication adherence to HT | Prevent recurrence and metastasis, delay tumor progression, and prolong survival |
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| Breast cancer, endometrial cancer | The use of Chinese herbal medicine products and its influence on tamoxifen-induced endometrial cancer risk among female breast cancer patients: a population-based study [28] | Jia Wei Xiao Yao San and Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang | The HR for the development of endometrial cancer among CHP users | — |
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| Cervical cancer | Adjunctive Chinese herbal medicine treatment is associated with an improved survival rate in patients with cervical cancer in Taiwan: a matched cohort study [29] | Bai Hua She She Cao and Jia Wei Xiao Yao San | Survival probability | Improve the side effects of chemo- or radiotherapy such as dysfunction of liver, diarrhea, fatigue, and pain |
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| Head and neck cancer | The use of adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine therapy and survival outcome in patients with head and neck cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study [30] | Gan Lou Yin | All-cause mortality during the 11-year follow-up | Attenuate toxicity and enhance the efficacy of allopathy, improving phagocytosis |
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| Esophageal cancer | The real-world study of the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of III-IV stage esophageal cancer [31] | Dan Shen, Huang Qi, Fu Ling, San Qi, Wei Ling Xian, and Sheng Di | Over survival | Improve the curative effect and quality of life and reduce the adverse reaction of digestive tract and blood toxicity |
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