Currently, the number of antitoxin treatments available for a wide range of environmental toxins, pollutants, and chemicals is inadequate. Apart from multivitamins, glutathione, and N-acetyl cysteine, pharmaceutical antitoxins are insufficient. There are no antitoxins to treat the bacterial toxemia encountered in septicemia and advanced stages of endotoxemia and septic shock. Natural antioxidant therapies exert potent antitoxic effects that counteract the effects of oxidants and show great potential in combating the effects of free radicals. Recently, ajwa date extract reverted the toxicological, biochemical, and histopathological changes induced by the potent oxidative hepatotoxin, dietylnitrosamine (DEN). A similar reversion of malignancy to near-normal histological picture (after induction of carcinogenesis using DEN) was previously reported using the antioxidant thymoquinone, derived from Nigella sativa.

Free radicals are cytotoxic, promoting the pathogenesis of many different diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, allergic conditions, inborn errors of metabolism, neurodevelopmental disorders, toxicological conditions, or drug-induced disorders. The increased production of inflammatory cytokines causes tissue damage and decreases cellular longevity by attacking nucleic acids, cell proteins, and cell membranes. This can cause carcinogenesis, autoimmune responses, and cellular damage. Exploring the antitoxic roles of different antioxidants is vital for the establishment of new therapeutics. Body cells are variable in their antioxidant potential, and so cellular damage varies widely among different body cells. Unfortunately, many drugs exert oxidant effects while few exert antioxidant effects, therefore, discovering natural new antioxidants is essential for the treatment of many different diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue is to investigate the antitoxic effects of natural antioxidant therapies. Research comparing the antioxidant potential of different antioxidant therapies and the optimum therapy for each disease entity is encouraged. Antitoxic nutritional ingredients still require further research, and we welcome both original research and review articles exploring the role of many different antioxidant treatments, acting through different mechanisms of action, in counteracting and improving the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and tissue damage.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Mechanisms of antitoxic effects of antioxidants
• Roles of antitoxic effects of antioxidants in suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing cellular longevity
• Establishing novel antioxidants as new antitoxin treatments for bacterial toxin-related harm
• Experimental studies discussing the roles of oxidants in disease pathogenesis and the effects of antioxidants in correcting the pathogenesis
• Experimental studies discussing oxidant signaling pathways and the roles of antioxidants
• Preclinical studies investigating tissue effects under oxidants, such as drugs, chemicals, or toxins, versus the protective effects of antioxidants
• Clinical studies and reviews introducing novel, safe antioxidants to treat and correct oxidant-related pathogenesis
• Antitoxic effects of Nigella sativa and related studies
• Antitoxic effects of Saussurea lappa and related studies
• Antitoxic effects of alkaline water and related studies.
• Excretory treatments that excrete oxidants and free radicals
• Antitoxic effects of fennel and related studies
• Antitoxic effects of olive oil and related research
• Antitoxic effects of nutritional ingredients.
• Molecular mechanisms behind the antitoxic effects of antioxidants
• Experimental toxicological studies using chemicals and the roles of natural antioxidants in combating toxicity