Securing the Border from Invasives: Robust Inspections under Severe Uncertainty

Table 2

Total USDA/APHIS emergency program funds, plant pests, 1987–2007*.

Year	Costs (millions of 2007 dollars)	Year	Costs (millions of 2007 dollars)
1987	9.647	1998	36.343
1988	6.940	1999	52.089
1989	13.730	2000	176.562
1990	44.096	2001	250.455
1991	9.802	2002	93.523
1992	26.914	2003	97.414
1993	24.872	2004	117.779
1994	27.497	2005	232.169
1995	26.753	2006	470.883
1996	48.249	2007	159.031
1997	45.325

*Important pests (in order of allocated funds): citrus canker, Mediterannean fruit fly, emeral ash borer, asian longhorned beetle, karnal bunt, Pierce's disease/GWSS, sudden oak death, asian gypsy moth, grasshopper and morman cricket, potato cyst nematode, Mexican/oriental/olive/west Indian fruit flies, plum pox virus, and others.
Source: United States Department of Agriculture [39].