Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

Table 1

Descriptive statistics.

	I		II
Sample	1970–1985		1985–1999
	Mean	Std error	Mean	Std Error
GDP	5591	6145	9751	9856	GDP per capita at the beginning of the period in 1995 US$
FER	3.87	1.65	2.80	1.41	Number of children per women (average rate for 1970–1985)
GOVT	13.92	4.47	15.81	6.18	Average government expenditures as a percentage of GDP
PRIM	95.76	22.16	98.69	15.22	Primary school enrollment (time period average per 100 school age children)
SEC	45.03	25.42	64.89	29.61	Secondary school enrollment (average per 100 school age children)
TER	10.60	11.24	19.40	14.93	Tertiary school enrollment (average per 100 school age children)
VOL	3.53	1.49	3.22	2.06	Standard error of average growth rate of GDP per capita
GROWTH	2.13	0.86	2.04	1.83	Average growth rate of GDP per capita
GINI	42.29	10.31	37.46	9.13	Gini coefficient at the beginning of the period
Q1	0.05	0.02	0.06	0.02	Share of 1st quintile at the beginning of the period
Q2	0.10	0.03	0.11	0.03	Share of 2nd quintile at the beginning of the period
Q3	0.15	0.03	0.16	0.02	Share of 3rd quintile at the beginning of the period
Q4	0.22	0.03	0.22	0.02	Share of 4th quintile at the beginning of the period
Q5	0.49	0.09	0.45	0.08	Share of 5th quintile at the beginning of the period
Q5/Q1	12.33	8.65	8.65	6.01	At the beginning of the period
Q5/(Q1 + Q2)	3.95	2.47	2.86	1.52	At the beginning of the period
Q2 + Q3	0.24	0.05	0.27	0.05	At the beginning of the period
GINI*	37.62	8.86	37.92	9.46	Gini coefficient at the end of the period
Q5/Q1*	8.10	4.49	8.18	5.29	At the end of the period
Q5/(Q1 + Q2)*	2.77	1.39	2.85	1.47	At the end of the period
Q2 + Q3*	0.27	0.05	0.26	0.05	At the end of the period
AFRICA	0.15	0.37	0.13	0.33	1 for countries in Africa
LATIN	0.23	0.43	0.15	0.36	1 for countries in Latin America

Sample 1 (1970–1985; 42 observations): Australia, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, France, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela, Republic of Korea.
Sample 2 (1985–1999; 49 observations): Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belgium, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Finland, France, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Rwanda, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela.