Ethnic Disparities in the Graduate Labour Market

Table 5

Decomposition estimates of ethnic wage differentials, women.

	Dutch-Mediterranean		Dutch-Caribbean		Dutch-Western
	Coef.	𝑧	Coef.	𝑧	Coef.	𝑧
Total difference	−0.020	−1.48	0.038	3.65	0.052	7.56
unexplained
Age	−0.331	−12.59	−0.292	−13.43	−0.133	−10.42
Age-squared	0.303	12.23	0.270	13.08	0.123	10.31
Years of education-HBO	0.000	−0.13	0.000	−0.17	0.000	−0.03
Years of education-WO	0.001	1.21	0.001	1.16	−0.001	−0.82
Started in WO	−0.003	−2.54	−0.002	−1.97	0.003	3.14
Switched from HBO to WO-graduated	0.002	1.53	0.004	3.71	−0.001	−1.33
Switched from HBO to WO-dropout	0.000	−0.77	0.000	−0.96	0.000	−0.95
Years experience during study-HBO	−0.015	−6.08	−0.014	−7.19	−0.001	−0.53
Years experience during study-WO	0.000	0.25	0.000	−0.15	−0.006	−5.61
Years since graduation-HBO	0.070	6.16	0.106	12.18	0.085	13.73
Years since graduation-HBO-squared	−0.032	−6.58	−0.048	−12.19	−0.038	−13.65
Years since graduation-WO	0.052	8.36	0.048	8.97	0.000	−0.07
Years since graduation-WO-squared	−0.019	−7.90	−0.017	−7.66	−0.001	−0.38
Years experience during interruption	0.004	2.31	0.002	1.42	0.002	2.34
Years experience after dropping out-HBO	−0.023	−2.88	−0.034	−5.00	−0.011	−2.78
Years experience after dropping out-WO	0.000	−0.03	−0.003	−1.83	−0.005	−2.75
Drop-out	−0.014	−3.78	−0.022	−7.36	−0.011	−5.65
Years since dropout-HBO	0.014	2.83	0.020	4.35	0.007	2.79
Years since dropout-WO	0.000	0.00	0.001	0.68	0.001	0.67
Graduated at HBO level	0.013	5.07	0.020	9.77	0.017	10.96
Graduated at WO level	0.005	5.17	0.005	5.65	−0.001	−1.26
Educational studies	0.002	2.22	0.005	6.06	0.003	5.15
Humanities	−0.002	−4.18	−0.002	−4.17	0.004	5.83
Economics and law	−0.012	−7.01	−0.012	−8.10	−0.001	−2.29
Natural sciences	−0.001	−3.39	0.000	0.01	0.001	2.39
Health	0.006	5.68	0.004	5.59	0.003	5.06
Social services	−0.001	−2.30	0.000	−1.61	0.000	1.34
Cohabiting	0.000	0.21	0.004	7.74	0.002	6.60
Total explained	0.019	2.97	0.045	8.91	0.040	12.19
unexplained
Age	−2.137	−1.21	3.345	2.59	2.550	2.81
Age-squared	1.167	1.34	−1.643	−2.56	−1.324	−2.99
Years of education-HBO	−0.019	−0.39	0.001	0.03	0.010	0.44
Years of education-WO	−0.032	−1.10	−0.045	−2.19	0.024	1.32
Started in WO	0.001	0.08	0.008	0.56	−0.018	−1.33
Switched from HBO to WO-graduated	−0.009	−1.72	0.002	0.49	0.000	−0.18
Switched from HBO to WO-dropout	−0.001	−0.61	−0.001	−0.53	−0.001	−1.00
Years experience during study-HBO	−0.007	−0.34	−0.017	−1.01	0.003	0.33
Years experience during study-WO	0.006	0.36	0.019	1.67	0.000	0.01
Years since graduation-HBO	0.055	1.42	0.021	0.74	0.007	0.35
Years since graduation-HBO-squared	−0.042	−2.01	−0.019	−1.29	−0.001	−0.09
Years since graduation-WO	0.008	0.64	0.000	0.05	−0.010	−1.02
Years since graduation-WO-squared	−0.004	−0.52	0.000	0.02	0.007	1.27
Years experience during interruption	−0.002	−0.72	0.000	0.13	0.000	0.19
Years experience after dropping out-HBO	−0.015	−0.44	−0.005	−0.17	0.010	0.50
Years experience after dropping out-WO	−0.028	−2.14	−0.006	−0.75	−0.003	−0.40
Drop-out	−0.004	−0.42	0.006	0.73	−0.003	−0.56
Years since dropout-HBO	0.004	0.12	−0.006	−0.18	−0.007	−0.36
Years since dropout-WO	0.030	2.21	0.008	0.92	0.003	0.42
Graduated in HBO	−0.020	−0.96	0.004	0.26	0.005	0.50
Graduated in WO	0.002	0.20	0.001	0.24	0.007	1.15
Educational studies	0.000	0.00	−0.001	−0.24	0.008	2.05
Humanities	−0.002	−0.71	−0.001	−0.42	0.000	−0.15
Economics and law	0.013	0.50	−0.017	−1.14	0.001	0.16
Natural sciences	0.001	0.16	−0.007	−1.87	−0.002	−0.88
Health	0.008	0.77	0.003	0.50	0.007	1.62
Social services	0.000	−0.01	−0.011	−1.57	0.000	0.02
Cohabiting	0.021	1.63	−0.011	−1.46	0.001	0.17
Constant	0.968	1.09	−1.635	−2.50	−1.263	−2.75
Total unexplained	−0.039	−3.22	−0.007	−0.74	0.012	1.94

Note that the coefficient is significant at 5% if 𝑧 > 1.96 and significant at 1% if 𝑧 > 2.575. Significant coefficients are in bold.