Effect of Physician Gender on Demand for Pap Tests
Table 3
Estimation results of Pap test utilization (probit model).
Full sample
Age ≦ 30
30 < Age ≦ 40
40 < Age ≦ 50
50 < Age ≦ 60
60 < Age ≦ 70
70 < Age
Dependent variable
Pap test (yes = 1 and no = 0)
Independent variable
Regional ratio of female doctors (%)
0.00222
0.00533
0.000906
0.00147
0.00288
0.000287
0.00305
(0.000925)
(0.00263)
(0.00163)
(0.00160)
(0.00209)
(0.00242)
(0.00285)
Age
0.0461
(0.00231)
Age2
−0.000419
Years of education
0.0377
0.146
0.0505
0.0308
0.0195
0.0203
0.0155
(0.00369)
(0.0497)
(0.0131)
(0.00801)
(0.00757)
(0.00963)
(0.0114)
Years of education2
−0.00174
−0.00698
−0.00230
−0.00104
−0.000583
−0.000607
0.000150
(0.000218)
(0.00198)
(0.000604)
(0.000459)
(0.000559)
(0.000972)
(0.00118)
Employment status
−0.000510
0.00500
0.0104
0.0332
−0.0245
0.00697
0.142
(0.0143)
(0.0472)
(0.0284)
(0.0234)
(0.0269)
(0.0374)
(0.0768)
Marital status
0.278
0.505
0.438
0.264
0.0837
0.0516
0.121
(0.0114)
(0.0233)
(0.0242)
(0.0285)
(0.0292)
(0.0287)
(0.0314)
Frequent menstrual pain
0.0301
0.0190
0.0238
0.0313
0.0219
0.0925
0.0546
(0.0101)
(0.0288)
(0.0177)
(0.0168)
(0.0222)
(0.0272)
(0.0373)
Income level (from low to high)
Level 2
−0.00545
0.00344
−0.0144
−0.00406
−0.0296
−0.0372
0.0726
(0.0157)
(0.0676)
(0.0401)
(0.0295)
(0.0313)
(0.0300)
(0.0323)
Level 3
0.0109
−0.0306
0.0224
−0.0128
0.0285
−0.0440
0.0374
(0.0173)
(0.0579)
(0.0339)
(0.0292)
(0.0324)
(0.0449)
(0.0594)
Level 4
0.0244
0.0204
−0.0188
0.0311
0.0586
0.0733
0.244
(0.0177)
(0.0580)
(0.0349)
(0.0284)
(0.0366)
(0.0655)
(0.0937)
Level 5
0.0332
0.0520
−0.00404
−0.0181
0.143
0.00316
−0.0346
(0.0227)
(0.0715)
(0.0414)
(0.0411)
(0.0421)
(0.129)
(0.205)
Level 6
0.116
0.115
0.0223
0.0464
0.157
0.158
(0.0308)
(0.147)
(0.0563)
(0.0477)
(0.0491)
(0.190)
Level 7
0.0892
0.303
0.0257
0.0238
0.0768
0.0438
−0.0233
(0.0421)
(0.129)
(0.0686)
(0.0652)
(0.113)
(0.238)
(0.318)
Ethnic group
Minan
0.0544
0.0866
0.00937
0.145
0.126
0.0627
−0.0789
(0.0287)
(0.0784)
(0.0485)
(0.0489)
(0.0701)
(0.0776)
(0.0923)
Hakka
0.0765
0.0654
−0.00157
0.114
0.169
0.143
−0.0494
(0.0282)
(0.0960)
(0.0534)
(0.0333)
(0.0446)
(0.0720)
(0.0944)
Mainlander
0.0621
0.0323
−0.0107
0.0995
0.0875
0.233
−0.0295
(0.0302)
(0.0960)
(0.0550)
(0.0355)
(0.0667)
(0.0775)
(0.107)
Number of observations
10,408
1,480
2,482
2,346
1,554
1,401
1,143
Note: marginal effects are presented. Robust standard errors in parentheses. “”, “”, and “” are significant at 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 Type 1 error levels respectively.
