Economic Assessment of Producing Corn and Cellulosic Ethanol Mandate on Agricultural Producers and Consumers in the United States

Table 4

Average annual change in economic factors from the baseline levels due to biofuel production mandate under specified biofuel scenarios and no conservation reserve program acres availability assumption (billion dollars).

Scenario	Net farm income ()	Consumer surplus ()	Biofuel subsidy ()	Total surplus ()	Trade balance
Baseline	65.4	158.9	0.0	224.3	49.2
	Change in welfare impacts relative to baseline, billion dollars per year
0 + 16	15.7	−7.5	0.0	8.2	−2.3
16 + 16	43.1	−42.8	0.0	0.3	−5.5
0 + 20	19.9	−17.5	0.0	2.4	−2.7
16 + 20	49.7	−55.9	0.0	−6.2	−5.9

Refer to Table 1 for description of biofuel scenarios.
Assuming subsidy for only cellulosic-based ethanol.
Baseline refers to no biofuel production.