This paper highlights some recent components related to the endogenous growth literature; in particular, (i) research and development progress, direction, and diffusion; (ii) human-capital accumulation; (iii) wage inequality;  (iv) nonscale economic growth, showing how each one has been treated by the existing seminal literature and the expected impact of bringing them together. The connection of the different components is mainly done by involving the leading literature on North-South technological-knowledge diffusion by imitation under trade, and the prevailing literature on intra- and intercountry wage inequality.

&#211;scar Afonso

R&#38;D Direction and North-South Diffusion, Human Capital, Growth, and Wages

US wheat varieties are examined for differential disease resistance between public and private varieties, an issue for critics of plant intellectual property. Analysis using disease resistance rankings of wheat varieties from Kansas and Texas indicate that private varieties are as or more resistant. This finding was further confirmed with two years of Texas data. Thus, the results from the study reject the criticism of private breeding activities that they are more susceptible to disease compared to public varieties. However, private varieties resistance is incorporated from public offerings so that productive private wheat breeding is partly derivative.

William Lesser

Deepthi Elizabeth Kolady

Disease Resistance of Wheat Varieties: Can Private Varieties Withstand the Pressure?

We extend the literature on endogenous lifetime and economic growth by Chakraborty (2004) and Bunzel and Qiao (2005) to endogenous fertility. We show that development traps due to underinvestments in health cannot appear when fertility is an economic decision variable and the costs of children are represented by a constant fraction of the parents' income used for their upbringing.

Luciano Fanti

Luca Gori

Endogenous Fertility and Development Traps with Endogenous Lifetime

This study examines the economic and welfare effects of raising the number of high-skilled immigrants in Canada. It uses a life-cycle applied general equilibrium model with endogenous time allocation decisions between work, education, and leisure. According to the simulation results, raising the number of high-skilled immigrants would boost productive capacity and labour productivity but could lower real GDP per capita. In addition, by raising the supply of high-skilled workers, more high-skilled immigrants would reduce the skill premium and the return to human capital. This in turn would lower incentives for young adults to invest in human capital and have a dampening effect on the domestic supply of skilled workers. Finally, it is found that more high-skilled immigrants would be welfare enhancing for medium- and low-skilled workers but welfare decreasing for high-skilled workers.

Maxime Fougère

Simon Harvey

Bruno Rainville

Would an Increase in High-Skilled Immigration in Canada Benefit Workers?

Over the recent past, the global market of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has grown exponentially, while the lifespan of these products has become increasingly shorter. More of these products are ending up in rubbish dumps and recycling centers, posing a new challenge to policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the e-Waste problem and to put forward an estimation technique to calculate the growth of e-Waste.

M. Khurrum S. Bhutta

Adnan Omar

Xiaozhe Yang

Electronic Waste: A Growing Concern in Today&#39;s Environment

Considering a possible sector bias of international outsourcing within a <svg style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:32.700001px;" id="M1" height="11.075" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 32.700001 11.075" width="32.700001"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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scenarios appear. The relative high or the relative low-skill intensive industry can relocate either its high
or its low-skill intensive production fragment. Traditionally, depending on the superiority of either the
wage or the outsourcing effect, general equilibrium effects are regarded as ambiguous in two of the four
scenarios. In this contribution, I provide a formal approach and a calibration exercise for the German
economy. Results show that a focus on the elasticity of substitution can complete the picture. When the
elasticity exceeds a critical value, results are unambiguous in all four scenarios, supporting the existence
of the sector bias of international outsourcing.

Daniel Horgos

The Elasticity of Substitution and the Sector Bias of International Outsourcing

The objective of this paper is to test for nonlinear dependence in the
GARCH residuals of a number of asset classes using nonlinear dynamic
tools. The equity and bond market samples appear to be independent once
GARCH has been applied, but evidence of nonlinear dependence in the
CDS GARCH residuals is found. The sensitivity of this result is analysed
by changing the specifications of the GARCH model, and the robustness of
the result is verified by applying additional tests of nonlinearity. Evidence
of nonlinear dependence in the GARCH residuals of CDS contracts has
implications for the accurate modeling of the marginal distribution of
the CDS market, for pricing of CDS contracts, for estimating risk neutral
default probabilities in the bond market, as well as for bond market hedging
strategies.

Kitty Moloney

Srinivas Raghavendra

Testing for Nonlinear Dependence in the Credit Default Swap Market

This study examines changes in alcohol consumption and its adverse effects in Poland from 1950 to 2005. First, we estimate the total alcohol demand function and test  Becker and Murphy's (1988) rational addiction model. Next, we explore substitution effects between beer, wine, and spirits and report income and own- and cross-price elasticities of demand for beer, wine, and spirits. Finally, we examine some adverse effects of alcohol consumption: traffic accidents, suicide rates, and vandalism rates. In particular, the effect of lowering the blood alcohol level limit (BAC) on traffic accidents is estimated.

Agnieszka Bielinska-Kwapisz

Zofia Mielecka-Kubien

Alcohol Consumption and Its Adverse Effects in Poland in Years 1950–2005

The paper tries to find evidence supporting the impact of continuous policy reforms on the market efficiency on the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE). Different policies formed/reformed from 1994 to 2005 were categorized in eleven groups depending on their time of issue and subject matter. To get the result, both nonparametric test (Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test and run test) and parametric test (autocorrelation test, autoregression) have been performed. Analyses were done for each policy group, and it is found that formed/reformed policies for DSE during the study period failed to improve the market efficiency even in the weak form level.

Md. Mahmudul Alam

Shakila Yasmin

Mahmudur Rahman

Md. Gazi Salah Uddin

Effect of Policy Reforms on Market Efficiency: Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange

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