Undergraduates' Criteria to Justify Claims Proposed after Laboratory Experiments

Table 4

Comparison between multiple justification and single justification.

Category	Nc^a	Nsci^b	Nsci/Nc (%)
Multiple-justification^c	213	113	53
Homotype^d	76	39	51
Heterotype^e	136	74	54
Single-justification^f	334	159	48

^aN_c: the number of the total claims justified by a certain category of justification
^bN_sci: the number of scientifically acceptable claims
^cMultiple justification: more than one attempt is made to justify a given claim
^dHomotype: a multiple justification with identical criterion of justifications
^eHeterotype: a multiple justification with different criteria of justifications
^fSingle justification: one attempt is made to justify a given claim.