A Review of the Relationship between Parental Involvement and Secondary School Students' Academic Achievement

Figure 4

Keith et al.’s [11] structural equation model of parental involvement variables and student achievement. Note: from “Does parental involvement affect eighth-grade student achievement? Structural analysis of national data,” by T. Z. Keith, P. B. Keith, G. C. Troutman, P. G. Bickley, P. S. Trivette, and K. Singh, 1993, School Psychology Review, 22(3), p. 488.