A Survey on the Permanence of Finnish Students’ Arithmetical Skills and the Role of Motivation

Table 3

Cluster means for final three-cluster solution ( = 398).

Variable	Cluster 1; ( = 93)	Cluster 2; ( = 151)	Cluster 3; ( = 154)
Mastery orientation	−1.13	0.70	−0.02
Performance-approach orientation	−0.85	0.43	0.10
Performance-avoidance orientation	−0.25	−0.37	0.50
Avoidance orientation	0.76	−0.73	0.23
Perceived competence	−1.01	0.88	−0.23
Task value	−1.19	0.82	−0.05