Patterns, Consequences, and Possible Causes of Dropout in Upper Secondary Education in Mexico

Table 4

Independent variable	Robust standard errors	Estimate VCE	Weighted OLS	Instrumental variables (IV)	IV with control for migration
Results ENLACE USE	−0.036	−0.036	−0.041
Instrumented ENLACE USE				−0.053	−0.043
% in Oportunidades	−0.082	−0.082	−0.081	−0.076	−0.064
% houses with dirt floors	−0.001	−0.001	−0.003	0.007	0.011
Rate rurality	0.052	0.052	0.057	0.065	0.046
Infant mortality rate	0.151	0.151	0.098	0.176	0.162
Unemployment rate	0.292	0.292	0.206	0.345	0.351
% with electricity/water	−0.222	−0.222	−0.215	−0.327	−0.301
% international migration					0.028
Constant	−0175	−0175	−0.160	−0.198	−0.144
	0.347	0.223	0.228	0.324	0.328
No. Obs.	2,456	2,456	2,456	2,456	2,456

Statistically representative at 10 per cent level; statistically representative at 5 per cent level; statistically representative at 1 per cent level.