The Better You Feel the Better You Learn: Do Warm Colours and Rounded Shapes Enhance Learning Outcome in Multimedia Learning?

Table 4

Regression of motivation after learning (i.e., mastery, performance approach, and performance avoidance goal orientation) on condition, and motivation, positive, and negative affect measured before learning .

Predictors	Mastery			Performance approach			Performance avoidance
	b	t	p	B	t	p	b	t	p
Main effects model
Intercept	50.35	31.30	<.001	45.09	22.32	<.001	38.51	20.63	<.001
Condition	−2.53	−1.16	.250	−.84	−.31	.759	1.26	.50	.620
Motivation^1	.82	10.74	<.001	.81	10.11	<.001	.96	15.78	<.001
Positive affect	.10	1.14	.258	.19	1.92	.058	−.08	−.86	.400
Negative affect	−.03	−.25	.807	<−.01	−.02	.985	−.01	−.06	.951
Interaction model
Intercept	50.80	32.40	<.001	45.37	22.37	<.001	38.74	20.68	<.001
Condition	−2.72	−1.28	.203	−.95	−.35	.730	1.19	.47	.639
Motivation^1	.84	11.16	<.001	.81	9.98	<.001	.96	15.72	<.001
Positive affect	.28	2.42	.017	.34	2.29	.024	.06	.44	.664
Negative affect	−.19	−1.30	.197	−.08	−.38	.705	−.08	−.40	.691
Condition × positive affect	−.34	−2.33	.022	−.27	−1.45	.151	−.24	−1.35	.180
Condition × negative affect	.31	1.59	.115	.15	.57	.567	.14	.59	.559
Final model
Intercept	50.59	32.43	<.001	44.62	33.11	<.001	39.20	31.73	<.001
Condition	−2.64	−1.25	.213	—	—	—	—	—	—
Motivation^1	.84	11.61	<.001	.85	11.70	<.001	.95	17.60	<.001
Positive affect	.30	2.62	.010	—	—	—	—	—	—
Condition × positive affect	−.37	−2.49	.014	—	—	—	—	—	—

Note. Condition was dummy-coded using the neutral affect condition as the reference group. Positive and negative affect were centered. The same subscale of motivation as the dependent variable but obtained before training and centered prior to the analysis.