Research Article
Fostering Achievement of Low-, Average-, and High-Achievers Students in Biology through Structured Cooperative Learning (STAD Method)
Table 5
Independent sample t-test for pre- and posttest of average-achiever students.
| Tests | Variables | Group | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Std. error (mean) | t | df | Sig. (2-tailed) |
| Pretest | Knowledge | Experimental | 16 | 8.63 | 1.784 | 0.446 | 0.844 | 30 | 0.406 | Control | 16 | 8.06 | 1.982 | 0.496 | Understanding | Experimental | 16 | 6.88 | 1.628 | 0.407 | 1.578 | 30 | 0.125 | Control | 16 | 6.00 | 1.506 | 0.376 | Applying | Experimental | 16 | 2.44 | 0.892 | 0.223 | 1.594 | 30 | 0.121 | Control | 16 | 3.06 | 1.289 | 0.322 | Total score | Experimental | 16 | 17.94 | 3.336 | 0.834 | 0.649 | 30 | 0.522 | Control | 16 | 17.13 | 3.739 | 0.935 |
| Posttest | Knowledge | Experimental | 16 | 25.25 | 3.454 | 0.864 | 2.857 | 30 | 0.008 | Control | 16 | 21.81 | 3.351 | 0.838 | Understanding | Experimental | 16 | 20.00 | 2.944 | 0.736 | 4.392 | 30 | 0.001 | Control | 16 | 15.88 | 2.335 | 0.584 | Applying | Experimental | 16 | 14.13 | 2.527 | 0.632 | 2.745 | 30 | 0.010 | Control | 16 | 11.69 | 2.496 | 0.624 | Total score | Experimental | 16 | 59.38 | 7.320 | 1.830 | 3.933 | 30 | 0.001 | Control | 16 | 49.38 | 7.060 | 1.765 |
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