Fostering Learners’ Perceived Presence and High-Level Learning Outcomes in Online Learning Environments

Table 4

Descriptive statistics of high-level learning outcomes.

Variables	Experimental group				Control group
	Pretest		Posttest		Pretest		Posttest
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD
Analysis	6.32	0.75	19.23	0.91	6.87	0.92	16.29	1.12
Evaluation	5.91	0.82	17.91	0.85	5.43	1.02	14.52	0.92
Synthesis	6.02	0.79	17.16	0.78	5.23	0.87	14.86	0.79

M = mean. SD = standard deviation.