Frequency, Severity, Rate, and Causes of Moral Distress among Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 4

Relationship between demographic variables and total MDS-total and MDT based on semester.

Variables		Moral Distress Thermometer			Moral Distress Scale-total
Academic semester = 7		β	SE	-value	β	SE	-value
Sex	Female	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	Male	1.15	1.04	0.276	−1.68	0.67	0.015
Work experience (in months)	0	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	1–6	1.06	1.45	0.471	2.53	1.09	0.025
	7	1.08	1.59	0.501	−0.09	1.21	0.939
Participation in occupational ethics workshop	No	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	Yes	0.48	1.11	0.669	−0.56	0.77	0.469
Academic semester = 8
Sex	Female	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	Male	−0.43	0.52	0.424	−1.68	1.12	0.155
Work experience (in months)	0	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	1–6	−0.05	0.58	0.93	−2.03	1.24	0.123
	7	3.44	0.75	0.001	0.36	1.49	0.811
Participation in occupational ethics workshop	No	Ref.	—	—	Ref.	—	—
	Yes	2.53	0.87	0.012	−1.53	1.85	0.421