A Systematic Review of Ethanol and Fomepizole Use in Toxic Alcohol Ingestions
Table 4
Clinical outcomes by EG and Me and treatment.
Variable
Ethylene glycol
Methanol
Ethanol
Fomepizole
Both
Ethanol
Fomepizole
Both
(n = 215)
(n = 65)
(n = 15)
(n = 505)
(n = 81)
(n = 18)
Death (%)
(n = 149)
(n = 49)
(n = 14)
(n = 490)
(n = 70)
(n = 18)
18.1%
4.1%
7.1%
21.8%
17.1%
5.5%
Admission to hospital (%)
(n = 113)
(n = 47)
(n = 14)
(n = 341)
(n = 70)
(n = 18)
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Hospital LOS (d) (mean ± SD)
(n = 41)
(n = 8)
(n = 5)
(n = 39)
(n = 9)
(n = 5)
12.6 ± 14.7
11.1 ± 9.6
4.0 ± 4.2
10.4 ± 18.3
5.3 ± 3.9
4.4 ± 2.2
Median = 6.5
Median = 9
Median = 1
Median = 4
Median = 4
Median = 5
Admission to ICU (%) (mean ± SD)
(n = 27)
(n = 13)
(n = 9)
(n = 38)
(n = 10)
(n = 7)
96.3%
84.6%
100%
81.2%
100%
85.7%
ICU LOS (d)
(n = 6)
(n = 3)
(n = 3)
(n = 6)
(n = 1)
(n = 1)
7.3 ± 4.9
4.8 ± 2.8
5 ± 2.6
11.5 ± 7.8
8
4
Median = 6.5
Median = 4
Median = 4
Median = 10.5
Median = 8
Median = 4
Dialysis (%)
(n = 209)
(n = 50)
(n = 15)
(n = 367)
(n = 72)
(n = 18)
65.6%
76.0%
86.7%
85.0%
69.4%
83.3%
Renal impairment (%)
(n = 149)
(n = 36)
(n = 10)
(n = 241)
(n = 29)
(n = 8)
39.6%
13.9%
60%
3.3%
3.4%
0%
Vision impairment (%)
N/A
N/A
N/A
(n = 347)
(n = 44)
(n = 13)
18.2%
18.1%
23.1%
Adverse effect1
(n = 215)
(n = 65)
(n = 15)
(n = 505)
(n = 81)
(n = 18)
Hypoglycemia
0
1
0
0
0
1
Intubation related
0
0
0
1
0
0
Dialysis related
0
1
0
1
0
0
Pneumonia
4
0
0
4
0
0
Seizure
4
3
0
0
0
0
Arrhythmia
2
1
0
0
0
0
Pancreatitis
0
0
0
7
0
1
ME: methanol, EG: ethylene glycol, ICU: intensive care unit, LOS: length of stay. Results are a combination of data from individual case data and aggregate data. n
in bold at top of each column represents total number of patients in the group. n in each cell represents number of patients for whom data was present.
1Adverse events are reported simply as the number of incidents reported in the articles and were defined as follows: (i) hypoglycemia: any mention of hypoglycemia after treatment was initiated (as defined by article author); (ii) intubated related: one patient with right mainstem intubation resulting in left lung collapse; (iii) dialysis related: one episode of thrombosis of dialysis catheter requiring urokinase, one episode of PD catheter displacement; (iv) pneumonia: as reported by authors; (v) seizure: as reported by authors; (vi) arrhythmia: includes atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, and bradycardia (2 episodes in 1 patient); (vii) pancreatitis: as reported by authors.
