| | Characteristics | Case (n = 54) | Control (n = 108) | P value |
| | Age | 66.4 ± 15.2 | 73.5 (71.0-76.0) | 0.021 | | Male, no. (%) | 28 (52) | 30 (28) | 0.002 |
| | Comorbid conditions, no. (%) | | | | | Diabetes mellitus | 11 (20) | 47 (44) | 0.003 | | Cardiovascular disease | 10 (19) | 24 (22) | 0.586 | | Respiratory disease | 1 (2) | 7 (7) | 0.201 | | Chronic renal failure | 7 (13) | 14 (13) | 1.0 | | Liver cirrhosis | 3 (6) | 5 (5) | 1.0 | | Rheumatologic disease | 1 (2) | 8 (7) | 0.274 | | Neurodegenerative disease | 9 (17) | 27 (25) | 0.230 | | Solid tumor | 25 (46) | 26 (24) | 0.004 | | Hematological malignancy | 5 (9) | 1 (1) | 0.016 |
| | Predisposing conditions, no. (%) | | | | | Indwelling urinary catheter | 3 (6) | 10 (9) | 0.546 | | Presence of central venous catheter | 4 (7) | 3 (3) | 0.223 | | Nasogastric tube in place | 2 (4) | 2 (2) | 0.601 | | Tracheostomy | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 1.0 |
| | Prior hospitalization within 1 year, no. (%) | 40 (74) | 52 (48) | 0.001 | | Prior surgery within 1 year, no. (%) | 13 (24) | 10 (9) | 0.011 | | Drug exposure within 1 month, no. (%) | | | | | Immunosuppressant | 2 (4) | 7 (6) | 0.718 | | Chemotherapy | 17 (31) | 4 (4) | <0.0001 |
| | Source of bacteremia | | | | | Respiratory tract | 21 (39) | 5 (5) | <0.0001 | | Gastrointestinal tract | 17 (31) | 23 (21) | 0.157 | | Urinary tract | 8 (15) | 84 (78) | <0.0001 | | Skin and soft tissue | 5 (9) | 0 | 0.003 | | Central venous catheter | 0 | 0 | | | Unknown | 4 (7) | 0 | 0.011 |
| | Vital signs on presentation | | | | | SBP, mm Hg | 117.4 ± 29.3 | 125.7 ± 24.7 | 0.061 | | DBP, mm Hg | 70.8 ± 16.3 | 72.6 ± 15.6 | 0.514 | | PR, beats/min | 104.4 ± 22.2 | 100 (94-104) | 0.409 | | RR, breaths/min | 19 (18.0-21.3) | 20 (18-20) | 0.820 | | Body temperature, °C | 37.8 ± 1.2 | 38.4 (38.1-38.8) | 0.025 | | Saturation, % | 97 (95-98) | 96 (96-97) | 0.436 |
| | Laboratory findings on presentation | | | | | Leukocyte count, x109cells/mL | 8810 (6729-12623) | 10475 (9303-11099) | 0.223 | | Neutropenia | 15 (28) | 0 | <0.0001 | | Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.4 ± 2.3 | 11.6 ± 1.7 | <0.001 | | Platelet, x103/μl | 178.0 (141.9-213.6) | 181 (163-197) | 0.816 | | CRP, mg/dL | 10.46 (7.87-17.53) | 9.64 (7.79-11.5) | 0.464 | | Lactic acid, mmol/L | 2.25 (1.43-4.30) | 2.50 (2.19-2.90) | 0.642 |
| Arterial blood gas
pH | 7.44 (7.40-7.46) | 7.44 (7.43-7.46) | 0.310 | | PCO2, mm Hg | 28.9 (25.8-31.1) | 29.8 (28.5-30.8) | 0.252 | | PO2, mm Hg | 77.1 (69.8-83.9) | 75 (72.3-77.9) | 0.338 | | , mmol/L | 18.2 ± 6.2 | 21 (20.1-21.8) | 0.036 | | SpO2, mm Hg | 95.7 (95.3-97.0) | 95.6 (95.0-96.3) | 0.572 |
| | Presentation with shock, no. (%) | 20 (37) | 26 (24) | 0.063 | | Use of vasopressor, no. (%) | 20 (37) | 25 (23) | 0.063 | | Intubation, no. (%) | 14 (26) | 10 (9) | 0.005 | | ICU care, no. (%) | 24 (44) | 28 (26) | 0.017 | | Hospital days | 9 (3-15) | 8 (6-9) | 0.980 | | In-hospital death, no (%) | 16 (30) | 9 (8) | <0.001 |
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