Payment Reforms for Prehospital Care Services in a Middle Income Country: Assessing Implementation and Patient Outcomes Using a Mixed-Methods Approach

Table 1

(a) Population and EMS characteristics of selected provinces

Type of EMS unit	Selected provinces								Whole country
	KK	UB	CR	CB	UT	NP	NG	PK
ALS	24	20	2	3	9	12	4	7	555
BLS	17	27	3	3	4	83	6	1	657
FR	147	71	97	66	26	15	30	11	4669
Non-registered unit	79	159	67	29	59	38	27	8	3971
Population density	162.4	115.2	102.6	81.2	59	396.7	60.7	635.5	128.1
Number of population	1,767,601	1,813,088	1,198,218	514,616	462,618	860,246	253,112	345,067	65,729,098

Provinces with EMS agencies participating in direct-pay system.
Provinces without EMS agencies participating in direct-pay system.

(b) Participant characteristics for selected provinces in focus-group or individual interview sessions

Type of EMS unit	Selected provinces								Total
	KK	UB	CR	CB	UT	NP	NG	PK
Provincial health office	3	1	2	3	3	3	5	4	24
Administrators
Referral hospital	3	2	2	3	3	2	0	2	17
Secondary care hospital	0	3	0	3	2	3	8	3	22
Local authority	3	4	2	3	3	2	1	1	19
RVP	2	0	0	1	1	2	1	2	9
EMS units	6	20	5	3	5	3	4	2	48
Total	17	30	11	16	17	15	19	14	139

Provinces with EMS agencies participating in direct-pay system.
Provinces without EMS agencies participating in direct-pay system.