Cognitive Impairment among Cardiac Arrest Survivors in the ICU: A Retrospective Study

Table 2

Patient characteristics according to first and last MMSE scores among participants with a follow-up MMSE (n = 53).

	Initial MMSE score			Last MMSE score
	MMSE ≥ 24 (n = 12)	MMSE < 24 (n = 41)		MMSE ≥ 24 (n = 35)	MMSE < 24 (n = 18)
Demographics
Male	7 (58.3)	29 (70.7)	0.418	23 (65.7)	13 (72.2)	0.631
Age, years	42.6 ± 12.2	44.3 ± 13.9	0.698	40.9 ± 12.6	49.7 ± 13.4	0.023
Comorbidities
CAD	1 (8.3)	4 (9.8)	0.882	4 (11.4)	1 (5.6)	0.488
CHF	0 (0.0)	1 (2.4)	0.585	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0.469
Arrhythmia	0 (0.0)	3 (7.3)	0.335	1 (2.9)	2 (11.1)	0.218
Hypertension	3 (25.0)	5 (12.2)	0.276	5 (14.3)	3 (16.7)	0.819
Diabetes mellitus	0 (0.0)	1 (2.4)	0.585	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0.469
Malignancy	0 (0.0)	1 (2.4)	0.585	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0.469
OHCA	10 (83.3)	38 (92.7)	0.330	31 (88.6)	17 (94.4)	0.488
Cardiac cause	10 (83.3)	38 (92.7)	0.330	33 (94.3)	15 (83.3)	0.196
Shockable rhythm	8 (66.7)	31 (75.6)	0.537	28 (80.0)	11 (61.1)	0.140
Witnessed	10 (83.3)	32 (78.0)	0.691	29 (82.9)	13 (72.2)	0.366
Bystander CPR	9 (75.0)	23 (56.1)	0.239	23 (65.7)	9 (50.0)	0.268
Time to ROSC, min	15.6 ± 8.3	20.6 ± 12.7	0.207	16.1 ± 11.7	25.9 ± 9.9	0.004
Midazolam dose, mg	236.3 (184.5–286.3)	239.7 (170.9–344.4)	0.774	242.0 (190.7–342.8)	208.6 (133.6–342.2)	0.419
Time to obey, day	3.0 (2.0–3.0)	3.0 (3.0–3.0)	0.151	3.0 (3.0–3.0)	3.0 (3.0–3.0)	0.335
Time to exam, day	3.5 (3.0–4.0)	3.0 (3.0–4.0)	0.981	5.0 (5.0–7.0)	7.0 (5.0–12.5)	0.041
Time interval from last midazolam to exam, day	1.0 (0.0–1.8)	1.0 (0.0–1.0)	0.901	2.0 (2.0–4.0)	5.0 (2.0–10.3)	0.011
LOS, day	11.5 (9.0–16.3)	15.0 (9.5–21.0)	0.139	13.0 (9.0–17.0)	16.0 (13.0–34.5)	0.013

^∗Median (interquartile range).