Appropriate EMS usage Appropriate no EMS usage Underuse Overuse KTAS (1, 2, 3) and ambulance KTAS (4, 5) and no ambulance KTAS (1, 2, 3) and no ambulance KTAS (4, 5) and ambulance 2,408,875 (13.16) 9,259,706 (50.6) 5,147,352 (28.13) 1,482,602 (8.10) Age mean ± S.D 58.20 ± 22.87 39.60 ± 26.89 34.15 ± 23.90 39.60 ± 26.89 Male (%) 53.81 49.83 51.28 49.83 Disposition Discharge 1,047,286 (7.41%) 8,329,024 (58.95%) 3,638,366 (25.75%) 1,114,266 (7.89%) Transfer out 124,558 (43.77%) 46,651 (16.39%) 76,138 (26.75%) 37,240 (13.09%) Admission 1,143,853 (30.74%) 849,406 (22.83%) 1,407,848 (37.84%) 319,687 (8.59%) Death 86,919 (87.41%) 461 (0.46%) 11,132 (11.20%) 922 (0.93%) None 6,259 (9.66%) 34,164 (52.74%) 13,868 (21.41%) 10,487 (16.19%) Insurance type Public 1,952,420 (12.12%) 8,334,443 (51.73%) 4,763,491 (29.57%) 1,061,109 (6.59%) Automobile 118,930 (16.53%) 335,009 (46.55%) 62,799 (8.73%) 202,931 (28.20%) Industrial injury 9,539 (21.81%) 22,486 (51.41%) 7,282 (16.65%) 4,433 (10.13%) Private 5 (10.42%) 22 (45.83%) 17 (35.42%) 4 (8.33%) Medical care type 1 231,391 (27.51%) 280,350 (33.33%) 192,303 (22.86%) 137,025 (16.29%) Medical care type 2 26,265 (15.44%) 82,748 (48.64%) 39,595 (23.27%) 21,515 (12.65%) Self-pay 56,839 (18.62%) 147,984 (48.49%) 56,179 (18.41%) 44,213 (14.49%) Others 11,047 (13.35%) 41,938 (50.68%) 20,062 (24.24%) 9,705 (11.73%) Unknown 2,439 (9.97%) 14,726 (60.21%) 5,624 (23.00%) 1,667 (6.82%) Disease or injury Disease 1,882,159 (14.43%) 5,935,077 (45.51%) 4,536,214 (34.78%) 689,162 (5.28%) Injury 509,152 (10.12%) 3,183,726 (63.29%) 562,849 (11.19%) 774,762 (15.40%) Unknown 17,564 (7.79%) 140,903 (62.50%) 48,289 (21.42%) 18,678 (8.29%) Route of arrival Direct 1,853,679 (11.41%) 8,696,332 (53.53%) 4,335,211 (26.69%) 1,360,492 (8.37%) Transfer in 552,549 (31.92%) 431,373 (24.92%) 626,772 (36.20%) 120,542 (6.96%) Referral from outpatient 1,618 (0.54%) 118,864 (39.65%) 178,317 (59.48%) 970 (0.32%) Others 825 (18.72%) 1,709 (38.77%) 1,422 (32.26%) 452 (10.25%) Unknown 204 (1.17%) 11,428 (65.65%) 5,630 (32.34%) 146 (0.84%) Mode of transport Public EMS 1,828,405 (57.80%) 0 0 1,334,809 (42.2%) Other hospital ambulances 142,140 (77.28%) 0 0 41,789 (22.72%) Private ambulance service 438,330 (80.53%) 0 0 106,004 (19.47%) Public transportation (e.g., police car) 0 11,943 (62.83%) 7,066 (37.17%) 0 Aeromedical transport 0 4,834 (36.56%) 8,387 (63.44%) 0 Other cars 0 9,112,394 (64.31%) 5,056,599 (35.69%) 0 Walk-in 0 106,108 (65.81%) 55,117 (34.19%) 0 Others 0 12,534 (47.32%) 13,956 (52.68%) 0 Unknown 0 11,893 (65.63%) 6,227 (34.37%) 0 Type of emergency medical centers Regional centers 890,035 (16.74%) 2,275,717 (42.81%) 1,787,642 (33.63%) 362,725 (6.82%) Local centers 1,426,363 (12.35%) 6,050,092 (52.40%) 3,074,910 (26.63%) 994,295 (8.61%) Local institutions 92,477 (6.44%) 933,897 (65.00%) 284,800 (19.82%) 125,582 (8.74%) Initial triage level 1 166,114 (84.69%) 0 30,030 (15.31%) 0 2 549,418 (51.93%) 0 508,539 (48.07%) 0 3 1,693,343 (26.87%) 0 4,608,783 (73.13%) 0 4 0 7,347,225 (85.02%) 0 1,294,064 (14.98%) 5 0 1,912,481 (91.03%) 0 188,538 (8.97%)
