An IoT-Based Smart System with an MQTT Broker for Individual Patient Vital Sign Monitoring in Potential Emergency or Prehospital Applications

Figure 3

Operational flow implemented by users (checking essential vital signs) in the system proposed in this paper. Step 1: users access the RFID controller with their health ID card and select the measurement option on the TFT touch screen. The RFID controller sends the corresponding ID number via an MQTT broker over a Wi-Fi connection to notify the above devices (head temperature, body temperature, body weight, blood oxygen, and blood pressure sensors) to be ready for use. Users can use any of the above devices to detect their health status, after which the devices will send results via the MQTT broker and cloud platform over a Wi-Fi connection. All results are instantly displayed, either individually or in summary, on the TFT touch screen of the RFID controller and on any browser running on a smartphone or desktop PC.