Enzymes in Food Processing: A Condensed Overview on Strategies for Better Biocatalysts

Table 4

A generalized characterization of immobilization methods.

Parameter	Immobilization method
	Carrier binding			CLEAs, CLECs	Entrapment
	Covalent	Ionic	Adsorption
Activity	High	High	Low	Intermediate/High	High
Range of application	Low	Intermediate	Intermediate	Low	Intermediate/High
Immobilization efficiency	Low	Intermediate	High	Intermediate	Intermediate
Cost	Low	Low	High	Intermediate	Low
Preparation	Easy	Easy	Difficult	Intermediate	Intermediate/Difficult
Substrate specificity	Cannot be changed	Cannot be changed	Can be changed	Cannot be changed	Can be changed
Regeneration	Possible	Possible	Impossible	Impossible	Impossible