Production and Use of Lipases in Bioenergy: A Review from the Feedstocks to Biodiesel Production

Table 3

Fatty acids profile of oilcrops [1, 9].

Fatty acids^1	Palm kernel	Soybean	Jatropha curcas	Crambe	Rapeseed	Sunflower	Castor bean	Babassu
12 : 0	41–55	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	40–55
14 : 0	14–18	NR	NR	NR	<0.2	<0.5	NR	11–27
16 : 0	6.5–10.0	7–14	10–17	1.8–2.0	2.5–6.5	3.0–10.0	1.1	5.2–11.0
16 : 1	NR	<0.5	NR	NR	<0.6	<0.1	0.2	NR
18 : 0	1.3–3.0	1.4–5.5	5–10	0.7–1.0	0.8–3	1–10	1	1.8–7.4
18 : 1	12–19	19–30	36–64	16.0–17.2	53–70	14–35	3.3^2	9–20
18 : 2	1–3.5	44–62	18–45	8.0–8.7	15–30	55–75	3.6	1.4–6.6
18 : 3	NR	4–11	NR	5.2–7	5–13	<0.3	0.32	NR
20 : 0	NR	<1.0	NR	3.4	0.1–1.2	<1.5	0.4	NR
20 : 1	NR	<1.0	NR	NR	0.1–4.3	<0.5	NR	NR
22 : 0	NR	<0.5	NR	NR	<0.6	<1.0	NR	NR
22 : 1	NR	NR	NR	56–66	0.7	NR	NR	NR
% oil	45–50	18–20	26–35	35–60	40–50	22–36	35–55	65–68

¹𝑥∶𝑦 nomenclature, where 𝑥 represents the total number of carbon atoms and 𝑦 represents the number of unsaturated bonds; ²80–90% ricinoleic acid (similar to oleic acid plus a hydroxyl group in position 12R). NR: not reported.