Enzyme Research

Review Article

Chemical and Physicochemical Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A Review

Table 2

Solubility of cellulose dissolved in different ILs (adapted from [77]). For the cellulose column, the numbers in brackets correspond to the DP values, if known. MCC: microcrystalline cellulose with DP ca. 270–300. Key for abbreviations of IL cations: [C mim]+: 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ( = number of carbons in the alkyl chain); [C mmim]+: 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ( = number of carbons in the alkyl chain); [Amim]+: 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium; [Ammim]+: 1-allyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium; [C4mPy]+: 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium; [Bu4P]+: tetrabutylphosphonium.
ILCelluloseMethodSolubility %
C2mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C10
C3mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C0.5
C4mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C20
C4mim]ClPulp (1000)Heat10
C4mim]ClPulp (1000)Microwave25
C5mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C1.5
C6mim]ClPulp (1000)Microwave5
C6mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C6.5
C7mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C5
C8mim]ClAvicelHeat, 100°C4
Amim]ClPulp (650)Heat, 80°C14.5
Amim]ClMCCUltrasound27
C4mmim]ClPulp (569)Heat, 90–130°C12.8
C4mmim]ClPulp (286)Heat, 90°C9
C4mmim]ClPulp (593)Heat, 90°C6
C4mmim]ClPulp (1198)Heat, 90°C4
C4mPy]ClPulp (593)Heat, 105°C37
C4mim]BrPulp (1000)Microwave5–7
Ammim]BrPulp (286)Heat, 80°C12
Ammim]BrPulp (1198)Heat, 80°C4
C4mim][SCN]Pulp (1000)Microwave5–7
C2mim][OAc]AvicelHeat, 100°C8
C2mim][OAc]Avicel (225)Heat, 110°C28
C4mim][OAc]MCCHeat, 70°C28.5
C4mim][OAc]AvicelHeat, 100°C12
Amim][HCOO]MCCHeat, 85°C22
C4mim][HCOO]MCCHeat, 70°C12.5
C4mim][HCOO]Avicel (225)Heat, 110°C8
C4mim][(C6H5)COO]MCCHeat, 70°C12
C4mim][(NH2)CH2COO]MCCHeat, 70°C12
C4mim][OHCH2COO]MCCHeat, 70°C12
Bu4P][HCOO]Avicel (225)Heat, 110°C6
C4mim][HSCH2COO]MCCHeat, 70°C13.5
C2mim][(CH3CH2O)2PO2]AvicelHeat, 100°C12–14
C1mim][(CH3O)2PO2]AvicelHeat, 100°C10
C2mim][(CH3O)(H)PO2]MCCHeat, 45°C10