Table 5 Physicochemical properties of selected pullulan-hydrolyzing enzymes from various microorganisms.
Organism
π
π
a
(kDa)pI OptimalββpH Optimal temperature (Β°C) Reference Type I pullulanase β β β β β βBacillus flavocaldarius KP 1228 55 n.d.b 7.0 75β80 [51 ] βStreptomyces sp. No. 27 n.d. n.d. 4β7 55β60 [52 ] βThermus caldophilus GK-24 65 6.1 5.5 75 [27 ] βFervidobacterium pennavorans Ven 5 240 n.d. 6.0 85 [28 ] βBacillus thermoleovorans US 105 (expressed in E. coli ) n.d. n.d. 5.6β6.0 75 [30 ] Type II pullulanase β β β β β βThermoanaerobacter strain B6A 450 4.5 5.0 75 [53 ] βClostridium thermosulfurigenes EM 1 102 n.d. 5.5β6.0 60β65 [54 ] βPyrococcus furiosus 110 n.d. 5.5 98 [55 ] βThermococcus litoralis 119 n.d. 5.5 98 [55 ] βDesulfurococcus mucosus n.d. n.d. 5.0 100 [56 ] βThermococcus celer n.d. n.d. 5.5 90 [56 ] βThermococcus strain TY n.d. n.d. 6.5 100 [56 ] βPyrococcus woesei 90 n.d. 6.0 100 [26 ] βThermococcus hydrothermalis 110β128 n.d. 5.5 95 [14 ] βDesulfurococcus mucosus expressed in Bacillus subtilis 66 n.d. 5.0 85 [32 ] Neopullulanases β β β β β βBacillus stearothermophilus expressed in B. subtilis 62 n.d. 6.0 60β65 [42 ] βBacillus stearothermophilus TRS 40 62 n.d. 6.0 60β65 [42 ] βBacteroides thetaiotaomicron 95-1 70 n.d. 6.5 37 [57 ] βBacillus polymyxa CECT 155 n.d. n.d. 6.0 50 [58 ] Isopullulanases β β β β β βAspergillus niger ATCC 9642 69β71 n.d. 3.5 40 [36 ] βBacillus sp. US 149 200 n.d. 5.0 60 [31 ] Alkaline amylopullulanase β β β β β βBacillus sp. KSM-1876 120 5.2 10β10.5 50 [59 ] βBacillus sp. KSM 1378 210 4.8 9.5 50 [41 ] Pullulan hydrolase type III β β β β β βThermococcus aggregans expressed in E. coli n.d. n.d. 6.5 95 [37 ]
a Molecular mass; b not detected by the researchers.