Risk Factors for Infection with Soil Transmitted Helminths, Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Children Enrolled in Preschools in Kafue District, Zambia
Table 3
Distribution of factors, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for infection with Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia among 390 children from ten Zambian preschools (bivariate analyses).
Factor
Cryptosporidium spp
G. duodenalis
Infected
OR (95% CI)1
Infected
OR (95% CI)1
Education level
Secondary/tertiary
203
56
1.00
0.85
54
1.00
0.60
None/primary
187
53
1.04 (0.71–1.51)
53
1.09 (0.78–1.52)
Number of people in h/hold
3
244
65
1.00
0.65
69
1.00
0.66
3
146
44
1.19 (0.56–2.51)
38
0.89 (0.54–1.47)
Presence of a toilet
Yes
334
93
1.00
0.89
95
0.19
No
56
16
1.04 (0.63–1.70)
12
0.69 (0.39–1.20)
Drinking municipal water
No
78
23
1.00
0.82
19
1.00
0.40
Yes
312
86
0.91 (0.41–2.01)
88
1.22 (0.77–1.93)
House roofing type
Corrugated iron
258
77
1.00
0.46
78
1.00
0.04
Other types
132
32
0.75 (0.35–1.60)
29
0.65 (0.42–0.99)
Socioeconomic level
High
186
61
1.00
0.14
59
1.00
0.26
Low
204
48
0.63 (0.34–1.16)
54
0.77 (0.50–1.21)
Adjusting for the clustering effect of schools was done in all analyses.
