How Sleep Activates Epileptic Networks?

Figure 1

Brainstem-hypothalamic sleep-wake system. VPLO represents sleep promoting neuronal assemblies exerting inhibitory influence (red) on arousal promoting ascending pathways. Arousal system originating from different nuclei working with different transmitters (LC = locus coeruleus, adrenergic, raphe nuclei, serotoninergic, TMN = tuber mamillare, histaminergic, LDT/PPT: = lateral dorsal tegmental/pedunculopontine, cholinergic) exerts reciprocal inhibitory influence on VLPO sleep promoting neurons. (modified after Saper et al., 2001 [6]).