|
| Author/place/year | Study design | Population | Instruments | Findings on EDS |
|
Larson et al.
USA, 2012 [43] | Cross-sectional | 105 households with a child with epilepsy
79 controls | E-Chess; CSHQ;
PSQI; Iowa Fatigue Scale. | Increased rates of room sharing and cosleeping in epilepsy group. Parents of children with epilepsy with more sleep dysfunction and fatigue. Children with epilepsy with more daytime sleepiness, parasomnias, bedtime resistance, and sleep onset delay. |
|
Tang et al.
UK, 2011 [39] | Cross-sectional | 43 patients
494 controls | CSHQ | CHSQ was higher in the epilepsy group and parents reported shorter sleep duration, parasomnias, and increased daytime sleepiness in the rolandic epilepsy group. |
|
Elkhayat et al.
Egypt, 2010 [38] | Prospective clinical trial | 37 patients
23 with intractable epilepsy (received oral melatonin as the study intervention) | Medical record;
CSHQ; ESS-pediatric version; EEG; laboratorial analysis (serum melatonin level). | Intractable seizures group with higher scores in sleep walking, bruxism, and OSA than controlled seizures.
No difference in EDS between groups.
ESS score and EDS improved after melatonin administration.
87% of the melatonin group improved seizure frequency and severity. 13% had worsening of seizures and melatonin had to be withdrawn. |
|
Ong et al.
Malaysia, 2010 [37] | Cross-sectional | 92 cases;
92 healthy siblings as controls | Medical record; SDSC;
EISS; ESSS-C. | Higher SDSC score in the epilepsy group in disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, sleep-wake transition, sleep-disordered breathing, and EDS.
Epilepsy group with higher prevalence of cosleeping.
Higher EISS scores were associated with higher total SDSC scores. |
|
Schmitt et al.
Switzerland, 2009 [46] | Prospective single-blinded clinical trial | 46 patients | Medical record; modified version of the Sleep Habits Survey; sleep diary; actigraphy. | Questionnaire data showed no difference before and after ending VPA treatment.
33 had average sleep time reduced and it increased in 13 children.
VPA withdrawal showed significant reduction in sleep duration in children older than 6 years. |
|
|
Batista and Nunes Brazil, 2007 [11] | Cross-sectional | 121 cases, 121 controls | Sleep Habits Inventory for Preschool Children;
Sleep Behavior Questionnaire. | Worse sleep habits in children with epilepsy were associated with nocturnal seizures, polytherapy, developmental delay, refractory seizures, generalized seizures, and epileptic syndromes with an unfavorable outcome. |
|
Maganti et al.
USA, 2006 [36] | Cross-sectional | 26 cases, 26 controls | Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire;
Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale. | EDS, parasomnias, and sleep-disordered breathing were more reported in the epilepsy group.
In PDSS, EDS scores were worse in the epilepsy group.
Parasomnias and sleep-disordered breathing were independent predictors of EDS in the epilepsy group. |
|
Clarke et al.
USA, 2005 [42] | Cross-sectional | 97 patients | Medical record;
Autism Screening Questionnaire;
Pediatric sleep Questionnaire; | 32% of children with epilepsy fit the criteria for ASD. Worst behavior and EDS were present in those at greater risk. Seizures occurred earlier in children at risk of ASD.
Behavioral difficulties and EDS could affect the ability to learn. |
|
Becker et al.
USA, 2004 [41] | Cross-sectional | 30 patients | Medical record;
PPVT-III, CPRS-R:L;
ECBI; Children’s Depression Inventory; Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale;
Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire;
PSG. | 80% had sleep disruption because of either OSA, disturbance of sleep architecture, or sleep fragmentation.
Daytime behavior problems may be attributed to specific disruptions in sleep regulations. |
|
Becker et al.
USA, 2003 [40] | Cross-sectional | 14 cases, 14 controls | Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire;
CPRS-R:L; ECBI;
Children’s Depression Inventory; Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale; PSG. | More than 50% of children with epilepsy had behavioral problems. No difference in snoring, EDS, and restless sleep.
Sleep disturbance may be related to behavioral problems in children with epilepsy. |
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