A Double Scale Methodology to Investigate Flow in Karst Fractured Media via Numerical Analysis: The Cassino Plain Case Study (Central Apennine, Italy)

Figure 7

Numerical analysis of the Boni model [4, 37] (section in Figure 4). Key to the legend: Quaternary unit (QU); terrigenous unit (TU); limestone unit (CU); dolostone unit (DU). Cassino urban Springs G1 (elevation of 41 m a.s.l.); Terme Varroniane Springs G2 (elevation of 32-33 m a.s.l.): Borgo Mastronardi Springs G3 (elevation of 31-30 m a.s.l.); Peccia Spring P (elevation of 25 m a.s.l.). Seepage verifies the Boni model from Cairo Mt. to Gari Spring (G1, G2, and G3) and from Camino Mt. (Venafro Mts.) to Peccia spring (P); (b) in the central sector, seepage from Gari to Peccia Springs is simulated; (c) the upstream and downstream groundwater velocity profile from Gari to Peccia Spring. The downstream/upstream discharge ratio is around 9%, calibrated under the best assumptions, and is not sufficient to justify the Boni conceptual model [4, 37].